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European Runway Safety Survey

Explore EUROCONTROL's survey findings on runway incursions, with insights on risk factors, recommendations to improve safety, and the role of aviation stakeholders.

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European Runway Safety Survey

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  1. European Runway SafetySurvey P. Wilson EUROCONTROL

  2. The Problem of Runway Incursions in Europe

  3. EUROCONTROL The main objectives of EUROCONTROL are to harmonise and integrate Air Navigation Services in Europe, aiming at the creation of a European Air Traffic Management System, to achieve the safe, orderly, expeditious and economic flow of air traffic throughout Europe.

  4. 2000 2020 Traffic Growth • Traffic : increased threefold over last 25 years. • Baseline forecasts : steady growth of 4% per annum. • Traffic demand : expected to double over next 20 years. 2000 1974 DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97

  5. ECAC States (38) Albania Armenia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco The Netherlands The former Yugoslav -Republic of Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

  6. Investigated Runway Incursions Data collected through: • MANDATORY REPORTING SCHEME and • INTERVIEWSof 12 European Airports

  7. Risk of Runway Incursions 100 Number Of Runway IncursionsPer 1,000,000 Operations 10 1 Rate of Runway Incursions in 9 different European airports

  8. Severity distribution of reported Runway Incursions CATEGORY A CATEGORY D Significant Potential Little or no Potential 5% 31% 30% Good Potential CATEGORY B 34% Fair Potential CATEGORY C Source: Mandatory Reporting Scheme

  9. Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations Pilot Deviations Operational Errors 44% 30% 26% Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations Source: Mandatory Reporting Scheme

  10. Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations 60% 3 Airports feedback 50% Mandatory Scheme 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Pilot Deviations Operational Errors Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations

  11. The Perception of Runway Incursions Risk

  12. Pilots and ATCO perceptions Outcomes of the Questionnaire...

  13. Risk Perception (I) Within the last year, do you think the number of Runway Incursion has...

  14. Risk Perception (II) How would you rank “Runway Incursion” among other runway safety concerns ...

  15. Pilots ATCOs What in your opinion was a contributing cause ? (I)

  16. Pilots ATCOs What in your opinion was a contributing cause ? (II)

  17. To summarise ... • AVAILABILITY of data: few available data at the time of the survey (no reporting scheme or reluctance to share information?) • Approach forANALYSIS: difficult to combine data (no harmonised approach) • Underlying CAUSAL FACTORS: difficult to understand why Runway Incursion occurs

  18. Task Force to develop recommendations GASR - EUROCONTROL - ICAO - JAA - IATA - IFATCA - IFALPA - ACI - IAOPA - AEA - ERA - ECA • Not locked into cycle of continuous data collection • Time scales short • short term - End Jan 2003 • medium term - Jan 2004 • long term - Jan 2005 • Majority of recommendations complete by Jan 2003

  19. RECOMMENDATIONS GENERAL AREAS 1 Awareness 2 Data Collection 3 Communications 4 Procedures and working methods (PILOT/ATC/Driver 5 Annex 14 6 Airport Aeronautical Information 7 New Technologies 8 Human Factors 9 Regulatory

  20. 1 Awareness • Establish a local joint team (ATC/Aircrew/Airport) • Achieve Standardisation through ICAO Provisions • Establish a Runway Safety Programme • General Awareness campaign by Task Force • Dedicated local awareness campaigns • Implement a Safety Management System (SMS) • Introduce Runway Safety into SMS to identify risks & mitigation • Promotion of Recommendations

  21. 2 Data Collection and Lesson learning • Improve data collection - standard reporting/investigation • Standard agreed definitions • All data to be collected in data base for trend analysis • Non punitive reporting systems • Local Runway Safety Survey to be conducted (as per SMS) to identify hazards • Disseminate disidentified details of incidents/occurrence's both European wide/locally

  22. 3 Communications • Confirm use of standard ICAO phraseology • Explicit runway crossing clearances • Read back • Runway crossing on single frequency • Clarify rules associated with conditional clearance • R/T, language and phraseology proficiency • All communications associated with runway in English • Driver training programmes introduced

  23. 4 Procedures and Working Methods • Pilot procedures - best practice • Standard taxi routes - reduce workload near runway • Use of line up and wait • Inspection opposite direction • Use of blocker strips • Use of Capacity Enhancing Procedures • Access of vehicles to manoeuvring area • Cross runways at 90° when possible

  24. 5 Annex 14 • Confirm implementation of Annex 14 provisions - markings/signage/lighting etc. • Identify needs to enhance ground markings • Implementation of Standard ICAO taxiway naming conventions

  25. 6 Provision of Airport Information • Management Process for charts/publications for accuracy • Establish feedback mechanism with users to detect errors • Improve ergonomics of maps • AIS standardisation

  26. 7 New Technologies • Consider new technologies as prevention or safety net • Moving ways/graphical displays in cockpits - situational awareness • Assessment of value of automated conflict detection systems

  27. 8 Human Factors • Understand HF issues contributing to Runway Safety Events • TRM /CRM • Use of multiple capacity enhancing procedures.

  28. 9 Regulatory • Licensing of Aerodromes - degree of compliance • Assessment of SMS systems

  29. Occurrences • Be200 Expect Crossing Clearance • B747 Conditional/read back • HS121 Cross runway in use (23) • B747 Line Up

  30. Summary • All States cultures/language/ATM Systems • Recommendations cover most areas • Result of Joint action - First in Europe • European action could stop the majority of events leading to Runway Incursion - however we are aware that to remove potential hazards completely will be very difficult

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