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IBE312 (2014) Information Architecture: Part I – Introduction Notes for Chapters 1-2

IBE312 (2014) Information Architecture: Part I – Introduction Notes for Chapters 1-2. Modified for 2014 (JMD) with earlier notes by Hans Fredrik Nordhaug  2012 and f igures & text by Morville & Rosenfeld, 2007. Information for IBE312 (2014). The IBE312 Course Web Page for (2014)

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IBE312 (2014) Information Architecture: Part I – Introduction Notes for Chapters 1-2

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  1. IBE312 (2014)Information Architecture:Part I – IntroductionNotes for Chapters 1-2 Modified for 2014 (JMD) with earlier notes by Hans Fredrik Nordhaug  2012 and figures & text by Morville & Rosenfeld, 2007

  2. Information for IBE312 (2014) • The IBE312 Course Web Page for (2014) • Bring to lecture a devicethatcansearchthe web • Lecture videos from 2013 • Lecture videos for 2014 • Comingsoon (seethe Course page) • Questions: Send meEmail.

  3. Part I - Objectives • Defining IA • Practicing IA • User Needs and Behaviours • Understanding the needs of the customer • Understanding that needs change over time

  4. Metaphors • Analogies with Architecture • Comparing good design of a building vs. website • Aesthetics (looks good) • Functionality (usable by intended group/ personal vs. business) • Reliability (not fall down/not crash) • Other Metaphors: information ecologies, knowledge economies, digital libraries, and virtual communities. • Metaphors help us to structure our perception and understanding • Lakoff & Johnson,1980. “Metaphors We Live By”. University of Chicago Press.

  5. Some Definitions • Architecture(Merriam-Webster) • : the art or science of designing and creating buildings • : a method or style of building • : the way in which the parts of a computer are organized • Information(Merriam-Webster) • : knowledge that you get about someone or something : facts or details about a subject • : a service that telephone users can call to find out the telephone number for a specified person or organization Can you tell what Information Architecture is from these definitions?

  6. InformationArchitecture • The combination of organization, labeling, and navigation schemes within an information system. • The structural design of an information space to facilitate task completion and intuitive access to content. • The art and science of structuring and classifying web sites and intranets to help people find and manage information. • An emerging discipline and community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape. Some notes from Morville & Rosenfeld, 2007

  7. Things that Information Architects do… • Understand user and system requirements • Design (and build) organization, navigation, and metadata systems • Evaluate the user experience Figure out what’s needed Figure out if it works Build it Design it (compare with physical architects)

  8. Basic concept of IA (ch1, p5) • Information • IA sits between data and knowledge management • Structuring, organizing and labelling • Structuring – size • Organization – grouping • Labelling – what to call categories • Finding and managing – usability • Art and science – understanding user needs involves experience, intuition and creativity.

  9. Books VS Web Sites (Table 1-1, p6)

  10. Libraries VS Web Sites (Table 1-2, p7)

  11. What isn’t IA? (Ch1, p9) • Graphic design alone isn’t IA, but… • Software development alone isn’t IA, but… • Closely related disciplines: • Graphic design • Interaction design (HCI) • Usability engineering (HCI) • Experience design • Software development • Content management • Knowledge management

  12. Why IA Matters? (Ch1, pp11-12) • Why should a company spend time/money on IA?What is the ROI (if any)? It matters because: • The cost of finding information. • The cost of not finding information. • The value of education. • The cost of construction. • The cost of maintenance. • The cost of training. • The value of brand. • Exercise: Find an example of one of these costs.

  13. Why IA Matters – in more detail • Cost of finding(time, frustration) • Cost of not finding(bad decisions, alternate channels) • Cost of construction(staff, technology, planning, bugs) • Cost of maintenance(content management, redesigns) • Cost of training(employees, turnover) • Value of education(related products, projects, people) • Value of brand (identity, reputation, trust)

  14. Why IA Matters? (examples) • Employees spend 35% of productive time searching for information online. Working Council for Chief Information Officers • The Fortune 1000 stands to waste at least $2.5 billion / year due to an inability to locate and retrieve information. IDC • Poorly architected retailing sites are underselling by as much as 50%. Forrester Research • 50% of web sales are lost because customers can’t find content fast enough. Gartner Group • Content on a typical public corporate website grows at an 80% rate annually. The CMS Report

  15. VividenceResearch • “The Tangled Web” • Vividencefound poorly organized search results and poor information architecture design to be the two most common and serious usability problems

  16. IA Concepts Figure 1-4, p13

  17. IA Systems Figure 1-5, p14

  18. IA Deliverables Figure 1-6, p15

  19. Ch. 2 - Practicing IA • Who is qualified? Very few IA degrees. • May have other titles: user-experience designers, knowledge managers, find-ability engineers, etc. (Ch. 2, p.17) • Disciplinary backgrounds • Graphic/information design • Information and library science • Journalism • Usability engineering • Marketing • Computer science • Technical writing • Architecture • …

  20. The IA Circles Context Business goals, funding, politics, culture, technology, resources, and constraints Content Users Document/data types, content objects, volume, existing-structure Audience, tasks, needs, information seeking, behavior, experience Moreville & Rosenfeld, Ch2, p. 25

  21. Content, Context, Users • IA must uniquely match their context • Content – the stuff that makes a site • Ownership • Format • Structure • Metadata • Volume • Dynamism • IA must match the users’ needs/behaviour Ch 2, p.27

  22. Users Needs and Behaviours (Ch 3) • The “too-simple” information model • Information needs • Everything (exhaustive searching) • A few good things (exploratory searching) • Don’t know what you need to know • The right thing (known-item seeking) • Re-finding (kept-item seeking) • Information Seeking Behaviour Introduction to IA, 2012 - Hans Nordhaug

  23. Summary • Defining IA - (Ch1) • Practicing IA - (Ch2) • User Needs and Behaviours - (Ch3) • We will discuss Ch3 further in the next slide set for chapters 3 & 4.

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