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How to Present a Scientific Article

How to Present a Scientific Article. Topics we’ll discuss Getting started Displaying text Displaying graphics Animating Presenting Critiquing sample slides. Getting Started. Create a slide show that is an outline, not a script Use the slide show...

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How to Present a Scientific Article

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  1. How to Present a Scientific Article Topics we’ll discuss • Getting started • Displaying text • Displaying graphics • Animating • Presenting • Critiquing sample slides

  2. Getting Started • Create a slide show that is an outline, not a script • Use the slide show... • to select important information and visuals • to organize content • to create a hierarchy

  3. Getting Started • Set up Slide Master • Allows you to design the “look” of your slide show • Browse design templates or create your own

  4. Getting Started To select a design, ask yourself: • In what type of room will I give my talk? • Well-lit room: use light background / dark text and visuals • Dimly-lit room: use dark background / light text and visuals

  5. Selecting Content • Consider your audience! • State problem/question clearly & early (title, abstract, intro) • Include significance • Include background: organism/system • Concisely state the “point of departure” for work

  6. Selecting Content, Part 2 • Results: include the how & the why! • Hypothesis • Method (remember audience) • Show figures and guide audience through them • State authors’ conclusions; your agreement or disagreement • Summarize paper’s overall conclusions • Suggest areas for improvement; future investigations

  7. Displaying Text • Remember that your audience... • skims each slide • looks for critical points, not details • needs help reading/ seeing text • Help your audience by… • Projecting a clear font • Using bullets • Using content-specific headings • Using short phrases • Using grammatical parallelism

  8. Project a Clear Font • Serif: easy to read in printed documents • Times New Roman, Palatino, Garamond • Sans serif: easy to see projected across the room • Arial, Helvetica, Geneva

  9. Use Bullets • Bullets help your audience • to skim the slide • to see relationships between information • organize information in a logical way • For example, this is Main Point 1, which leads to... • Sub-point 1 • Further subordinated point 1 • Further subordinated point 2 • Sub-point 2

  10. Use Content-Specific Headings • “Results” suggests the content area for a slide • “Substance X upregulates gene Y” (with data shown below) shows the audience what is observed

  11. Difficult to read DNA polymerase catalyzes elongation of DNA chains in the 5’ to 3’ direction Better DNA polymerase extends 5’ to 3’ Use Short Phrases • Be clear, concise, accurate • Write complete sentences only in certain cases: • Hypothesis / problem statement • Quote • ???

  12. Use Grammatical Parallelism • Use same grammatical form in lists • Not Parallel: • Cells were lysed in buffer • 5 minute centrifuging of lysate • Removed supernatant • Parallel: • Lysed cells in buffer • Centrifuged lysate for 5 minutes • Removed supernatant

  13. Use Grammatical Parallelism How would you revise this list? Telomeres • Contain non-coding DNA • Telomerases can extended telomeres • Cells enter senescence/apoptosis when telomeres are too short

  14. Displaying Visuals • Select visuals that enhance understanding • Figures from paper: evidence for argument • Figures from other sources (web; review articles): • Model a process or concept • Help explain background, context • Design easy-to-read visuals • Are the visuals easy to read by all members of your audience? • Draw attention to aspects of visuals

  15. Simplify and Draw Attention http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/tca-cycle.html

  16. Displaying Visuals Harvey et al. (2005) Cell 122:407-20

  17. Choose Color Carefully

  18. Cite Others’ Visuals Harvey et al. (2005) Cell 122:407-20 http://www.bioc.rice.edu/~shamoo/shamoolab.html

  19. Animating • Allows you to add text, visuals, or line work sequentially to the slide • Should be used purposefully (and sparingly!) • To aid in the audience’s ability to comprehend your message • Not solely for aesthetic purposes

  20. Animating Use professional animation methods for text (avoid fly in, typewriter, etc.)

  21. Presenting • Delivery • Handling questions

  22. Delivery • Physical Environment • Stance • Body language • Handling notes • Gestures • Eye contact • Voice quality • Volume • Inflection • Pace

  23. Handling Questions • LISTEN • Repeat or rephrase • Watch body language • Don’t pretend to know

  24. Samples Features to consider: • Text • Fonts, use of phrases, parallelism • Visuals • Readability, drawing attention • Slide design • Organization/ hierarchy • Titles, bullets, arrangement of information, font size

  25. The Calcium Ion Calcium is a crucial cell-signaling molecule • Calcium is toxic at high intracellular concentrations because of the phosphate-based system energy system • Intracellular concentrations of calcium are kept very low, which allows an influx of calcium to be a signal to alter transcription

  26. Microarrays Phillips G. (2004) Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

  27. Use Grammatical Parallelism One possible revision… Telomeres • Contain non-coding DNA • Are extended by telomerase • Cause senescence/apoptosis when shortened too much

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