HOW TO PRESENT A SCIENTIFIC LECTURE

1. HOW TO PRESENT A SCIENTIFIC LECTURE P Devroey

2. Science • Innovation • Communication • Written • Abstract • Peer reviewed manuscript • Oral communication • Presentation of abstract • Invited lecture • Press conference

3. Adapted from Fatemi 2009

4. Science • Creative • Mechanism of action • Pilot studies • Observational studies • Randomized controlled trials • Evidence Based Medicine

5. Considerations • Hard science (world first and proven) ? • Which is the focus of the talk ? • Ethical reflections ? • What do I want you as audience to remember ? Take home message

6. Hostmanship • Guest and host • Feeling welcome • Experience of added value Jan Gunnarsson 2004

7. Basic principle of hostmanship • Knowledge • Take care • Dialogue • Helicopter view • House style

8. Personal considerations • Inspiration • Educational • Esthetic • Challenge • Surprise

9. Transparent Forward – looking Modest Clear Conscious Constructive Supported Trustworthy Appreciative Wise Decisive Passionate Format of the lecture

10. Preparation of the presentation • Presentation • Planning • Practice

11. The triangle concept Slides Laserpointer Audience Presenter

12. The mouse concept Slides Mouse Audience

13. The podium concept Projection Laser Speaker (moving) Chairs (sitting) Laser Audience

14. Seven basic rules of a presentation • Never more than 7 lines on each slide • One minute per slide • Colour • Focussed presentation with references • Tonality • Body language • Travelling from one slide to another How not to do it

15. HOW NOT TO DO IT The accurate detection of underlying reproductive abnormalities helps to guide individual management decisions and maximize ART treatment outcomes. Clinical evaluationof the infertile couple may be grouped into five categories: semen analysis, the post-coital test (PCT), assessment of ovulation, uterine and tubal evaluation, and laparoscopy (Balasch,2000). Of these, semen analysis, mid-luteal phase serum progesterone level and tubal patency evaluation comprise the initial basic patient work-up (Crosignani and Rubin, 2000). However, the use of several fundamental elements of infertility testing is still contentious, and evidence suggests that the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for the standard investigation of the infertile couple are poorly followed in Europe (Rowe et al., 1993; Balasch, 2000). Semen analysis Humans have a low proportion of ‘normal’ sperm compared with many other species. Although relatively few studies of semen analysis have been performed in men with proven fertility, there is a high degree of overlap in semen characteristics between fertile and infertile men (Guzick et al., 2001). High-quality semen analysis has diagnostic value for gross male infertility conditions (such as azoospermia or globozoospermia), but the predictive value of an individual semen analysis is less robust when moderate numbers of motile sperm arepresent (Comhaire, 2000). Semen analysis comprises sperm concentration, motility and morphology. No isolated semen analysis measures have been shown to be diagnostic of infertility in large studies (Guzick et al., 2001). In an effort to increase the value of semen analyses, results have been incorporated into complex prediction models (Snick et al., 1997; Hunault et al., 2004). However, the output of these models has large confidence intervals and resultsmust be interpreted cautiously (Snick et al., 1997; Hunault et al., 2004). Evidence suggests that the WHO recommendations for performance of semen analysis and reporting of resultsare adhered to poorly in routine laboratory practice (Keel etal., 2002; Riddell et al., 2005). Despite the availability of established systems to improve staff training in semen assessments, such as ESHRE courses (Bjorndahl et al., 2002), the majority of laboratories still do not have accurate methods or appropriate training systems. Thus, semen analysis results are often variable. The demonstrated absence of standardization and strict quality control for semen analysis undermines the diagnostic and prognostic value of the test. Despite the limitations described, semen analysis is routinely used to evaluate the fertilization potential of the male partner in infertile couples. Semen analysis outcomes also guide management decisions and often influence the choice of expectant management, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Greater standardization of semen analysisand accurate laboratory evaluation is clearly needed to improve the prognostic value of semen analysis (Ombelet et al., 2003). Furthermore, high-quality studies are required to identify threshold levels that are predictive of treatment outcome to assist decision-making for ART treatment. Sperm function tests may offer greater predictive power than traditional semen analysis but requirestrict validation prior to use in routine clinical practice

16. HOW NOT TO DO IT • What is the etiology of the luteal phase defect in stimulated cycles ? • Oocyte retrieval ? • GnRH agonist ? • hCG ? • Stimulation ? • Combination of those factors ?

17. HOW NOT TO DO IT • What is the etiology of the luteal phase defect in stimulated cycles ? • Oocyte retrieval ? • GnRH agonist ? • hCG ? • Stimulation ? • Combination of those factors ? HR 1996 FS 2000 JCM 1985

18. HOW TO DO IT • What is the etiology of the luteal phase defect in stimulated cycles ? • Oocyte retrieval ? • GnRH agonist ? • hCG ? • Stimulation ? • Combination of those factors ? Fatemi Human Reproduction 2000 Fauser Human Reproduction 2008 Blockeel Human Reproduction2009

19. Preparation • What do I need to tell the audience ? • How can I focus ? • How can I keep the audience interested ? • What did I publish ? • KISS - Keep It Straightforwardly Simple Wording

20. NO I feel I think There is a trend to prove My personal view is YES It is observed A tentative interpretation of the data is So far it’s not significant The meta-analysis did show Wording during the lecture

21. Planning • Story • Take home message • Coda

22. Considerations on personal guidelines • Brain and behavior have to be in balance • Fluent wording • Constructive and innovative • Transparent but provocative • Focus on strategies and structures Traveling from slide to slide

23. Conditions to be creative • Transparent rational behavior • Convinced about change and novelty (progressive versus conservative) • Global interest • Personal niche • Hotel room (cocooning) • Monastery (isolation) • Airplane (detached)

24. Consideration on provocation • Notwithstanding, an unacceptable and immoral act according to the Vatican (1987), ICSI and TESE ICSI which we developed, led and will lead to the birth of millions of children • Is this observation not an inspiring contradiction dedicated to the temple of humanity (Guayasamin, Quito)

25. Conclusions • Preparation is of paramount importance • Podium concept is mandatory • Eye contact and body language are crucial • The triangle concept helps communication

26. CODA • Hostmanship • Innovative story ICSI • All men can be the father of their own child • ICSI is applied globally • Thousands and millions of children are and will be born tomorrow Aknowledgements to Melissa Defreyne