Self-Concept

1. Self-Concept Dr. Aubrey H. Fine

2. Starlight Express

4. ...Only you have the power within you. • Just believe in yourself, the sea will part before you. • Stop the rain, turn the tide. • If only you use the power within you, • You needn’t beg the world to turn around and help you. • If you draw on what you have within you • Somewhere deep inside… • I AM THE STARLIGHT • Starlight Express

5. I CAN I can handle it I can handle it I can handle it I can handle it I can handle it I can handle it

6. I CAN I can’t handle it I can’t handle it I can’t handle it I can’t handle it I can’t handle it I can’t handle it

7. “The greatest evil that can befall man is that he should come to think evil of himself.” – Goethe

8. The Suitcase of Doom

9. “How to survive and not be a victim of failure.”

10. The Builder I saw them tearing a building down A team of men in my hometown. With a heave and a ho and a yes yes yell, They swung a beam and a sidewall fell. And I said to the foreman, “Are these men skilled?” “Like the ones you’d use if you had to build?” And he laughed and said, “Oh no, indeed… The most common labor is all I need… For I can destroy in a day or two What takes a builder then years to do.” So I thought to myself as I went on my way… Am I one who is tearing down as I carelessly make my way around? Or am I one who builds with care, in order to make the world a Little better…because I was there?

11. Characteristics of Risk Individuals • Weak perception of personal capabilities • Weak perception of personal significance • Weak perception of personal influence

12. Inadequate Intra-Personal Skills (Self-Assessment) • Inadequate inter-personal skills (dialogue, communication) • Inadequate systemic skills (responsibility, adaptability, etc.) • Inadequate judgmental skills (applying learned knowledge, wisdom)

13. Learned helplessness results when a person expects that important events or outcomes in his/her life are independent of his or her own responding. [In other words, when the things that matter to a person are felt to be beyond that person’s control, then she/he becomes a victim of learned helplessness.] Learned Helplessness Defined

14. Three Broad Effects of Helplessness • Reduces people’s motivation to control outcomes – becoming passive recipients. • Interferes with a person’s ability to learn that he/she can control outcomes. • May produce levels of depression.

15. A child’s perception of who is responsible for one’s success of failure in a particular achievement area. Locus of Control

16. Internal vs. External • Internal – those who feel they control their reinforcements. • External – those who perceive their outcomes to be independent of their responses.

17. Cognitive Attribution Theories • Assumes that people’s perceptions of the causes of their success and failures influence the quality of their future achievement.

18. Failure Avoiding Ascribe successful to external factors (e.g. luck) Ascribe failure to inability

19. Motivated to Approach Success • Attribute success to ability • Attribute failure to lack of effort

20. Attribution Theory • Investigate person’s perceptions of causes • Factors • Informational causes • History of successes or failures • Reinforcement history • Feedback • The allocation of responsibility influences subsequent behaviors

21. Factors Contributing to Negative Motivation • School / Home environment • The Parent Teacher • The child • The classroom environment • Evaluation system

22. Major Perceived Causes for Achievement Performance Ability Effort Luck Task Ease / Difficulty

23. Understanding Your Explanatory Style to Your Behavior • Three dimensions to investigate • Permanence • Pervasiveness • Personalization

24. OPTISISM VS. PESSIMISM

25. OPTMISISM

26. People who are optimistic explain good events in terms of permanent causes.

27. How you think about your concerns will either relieve or aggravate it.

28. Pessimism produces a level of inertia rather than activity in the face of setbacks. Pessimism just like optimism is self-fulfilling. Pessimists don’t persist in the face of challenges, and therefore fail more frequently.

29. RUMINATION

30. Depression and a sense of helplessness occurs as a result of a lifelong series of habits and conscious thought.

31. Ramifications of Success and Failure Success Failure • Frustration - Perceived Incompetence • Avoidance - Negative Responses from Others • Aggression “Demoralization Syndrome” Success Failure • Positive External Response • Increased Internal Motivation • Enhanced Perceived Competence • Risk Taking

32. ABILITY PERFORMANCE EFFORT SELF-ESTEEM (PERSON)

33. The Three Magic Ingredients of Self-Esteem • Belonging • Feeling competent • Feeling worthwhile

34. The Three Major Ingredients to Successful Relationships Dignity, Respect, Communication - Democratic living is based on mutual respect.

35. The Difficulty of Being A Risk Taker The Empty Glass vs. the Full Glass

36. The only way to grow is to take risks and get involved.

37. Three Critical Beliefs • I am a capable person who can change if I choose. • My life is significant. (I must realize I’m important). • I must discover that I have the power within.

38. HELPFUL BELIEFS • Beliefs That Help Children Lead More Effective and Healthy Lives

39. Belief 1: It is Important to Try

40. Belief 2: Failure is an event, not a person. Mistakes are O.K., one can turn them into lessons

41. “Nobody can make you feel inferior without your consent”. – E. Roosevelt

42. Only when the mind is ready, the teacher appears. – Zen Expression

43. Belief 3: It is O.K. to Make Mistakes

44. Belief 4: I am responsible for my day.

45. Belief 5: I can handle it when things go wrong.

46. Success is a journey…not a destination.

47. Belief 6: Other people are O.K. and I am O.K.

48. Belief 7: I am capable.

49. “Where a person’s treasure lies, the heart will be.” A person’s uniqueness is his/her treasure

50. Empowerment