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Self-Concept. Self-Concept = “The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.” Physical appearance Skills Social roles Personality Emotional state. Self-Esteem = How you feel about your self-concept. Good or bad evaluations High and Low Self-Esteem.
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Self-Concept = “The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself.” Physical appearance Skills Social roles Personality Emotional state Self-Esteem = How you feel about your self-concept. Good or bad evaluations High and Low Self-Esteem Self-Concept vs. Self-Esteem
Development of the Self-Concept • Reflected Appraisal - “I see me how I think you see me.” • Social Comparison – How do you measure up? • Superior or Inferior? • Same or Different From Others?
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies • “Occur when a person’s expectations of an event and her or his subsequent behavior based on those expectations make the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true.” • Two Types: • Self-imposed prophecies • Others’ expectations (that are communicated to us)
Characteristics of the Self-Concept • The Self-Concept is Subjective: • May be unrealistically favorable, or unrealistically negative • Obsolete information • Distorted feedback • Myth of perfection • High self-esteem may be viewed as being conceited • A Healthy Self-Concept is Flexible • The Self-Concept Resists Change • Appraisals from someone we see as competent to offer it • Appraisal must be highly personal • Appraisal must be reasonable, compared to our current self-concept • Consistent and numerous appraisals are more persuasive
So how do you change your self-concept? • Have Realistic Expectations • Have a Realistic Perception of Yourself • Surround Yourself with Supportive People • Be Willing to Change • Attain Skills to Change • Books • Advice (friends, experts, counselors) • Observe others
Identity Management Self-Presentation How do we use communication strategies to influence how others see us? How do we want others to see us?
The Private (“Perceived”) Self - How we see ourselves The Public (“Presenting”) Self - How we want to appear to others
Characteristics of Identity Management • We Construct Multiple Identities/Roles • Identity Management is Collaborative • Impression Management Can Be Intentional or Unconscious • Some People Self-Monitor (Manage their Identities) More than Others
Why do we even worry about Identity Management? • Social Rules • To Accomplish Personal Goals • To Be Accepted/To Maintain Relationships • Since we cannot not communicate, we might as well choose what kind of impression we want to make.
“In vivo” Manner Physical Appearance Setting Mediated Communication Provides less of an impression Allows the impression to be more carefully managed How do we manage impressions?
But are we being honest when we’re managing impressions? • May be honest or dishonest • It depends on the context • Identity management: • ISN’T choosing whether to be honest or dishonest • IS choosing which side of yourself to reveal (since we are all complex, multi- faceted people)