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JOURNAL

JOURNAL. KWL: What do you know about insects? What do you want to know? What have you learned? (at end). SUBPHYLUM UNIRAMIA. Class Chilopoda Class Diplopoda centipedes millipedes 1 pair legs/segment 1. 2 pairs legs/segment About 15 body segments 2. 11-100 body segments

jacqueline-williamson
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JOURNAL

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  1. JOURNAL KWL: What do you know about insects? What do you want to know? What have you learned? (at end)

  2. SUBPHYLUM UNIRAMIA

  3. Class Chilopoda Class Diplopoda • centipedes millipedes • 1 pair legs/segment 1. 2 pairs legs/segment • About 15 body segments 2. 11-100 body segments • Flat bodies 3. round bodies • Habitat- moist areas 4. moist areas • Diet- carnivores 5. herbivores • Defense- 6. Defense- • a. Venomous maxilliped a. Roll into a ball • b. Bite feels like wasp sting b. Produce hydrogen cyanide- repellant

  4. Class Hexapoda- insects • Three body regions • a. Head • b. Thorax • c. Abdomen • One pair antennae • Six legs

  5. Digestion/Feeding • a. Different mouthparts • reduces food • competition among • different species. • b. Chewing- mandibles • (grasshopper & most • beetles)

  6. c. Siphoning- tube for sucking (butterfly) Piercing & sucking- cut thru skin or plants (mosquito, assassin bug)

  7. e. Sponging- absorbing food (fly) • Circulation- open • a. Not used in gas exchange • b. Distributes nutrients, hormones, pheromones.

  8. Thermoregulation- ectothermic • a. Bodies must warm up before able to fly. • Excretion • a. Malpighian tubules- dump wastes into intestine. • b. Waste- uric acid crystals to prevent water loss.

  9. Nervous & Sensory System • a. Compound eyes • 1. Some images • 2. Color (UV light) • 3. Shape • 4. Movement • b. Some have simple • eyes- ocelli

  10. What it actually sees… What an insect is looking at… Compound eye under the microscope.

  11. Some can detect odors- flies, bees • Tympanic membrane- • 1. detect sound • 2. Located on legs or abdomen • Setae- hairs on legs, body, antennae • 1. Movement • 2. vibrations setae

  12. Respiration • a. Spiracles- holes in body thru which air enters • b. Tracheal tubes- extend length of body for distribution & exchange of gases. spiracles

  13. Reproduction • a. Dioecious • b. Controlled by: • 1. Population density • 2. Temperature • 3. Seasons • 4. Pheromones • 5. Auditory signals

  14. Females may use ovipositer to deposit eggs in soil, tree, leaf, etc.

  15. Elytra-forwing Hindwing- flight Beetles have hard outer wing- elytra- that protects membranous hindwing- for flight

  16. Journal • Suppose a virus killed off all of the insects on the planet. Predict how your life would be different.

  17. INTERESTING INSECTS Many found around this school female male Hercules beetles Largest beetle in North America

  18. Luna moth In many areas they are endangered due to air pollution.

  19. Cicadas Live underground for up to 17 years Come out in masses Leave husk on tree at final molt Make the “summer” noise http://www.cicadamania.com/audio/

  20. “Cow Killers”- velvet ants; Look furry w/red & black stripes These are actually solitary female wasps Have very painful sting! Found all over Georgia

  21. PHEROMONES • Sex- excite or attract opposite sex • Trailing- laid down by foraging insects to help other members of colony find food. • Alarm- warn others of danger (plants do this as well) • Caste regulating- used by social insects to control the development of certain individuals in a colony.

  22. SOCIAL INSECTS • EX: Ants, termites, most bees & wasps • Traits • a. Parental care of young • b. Several generations present • c. Division of labor

  23. DIVISION OF LABOR • Reproductive caste • Queen- • 1. produces eggs to maintain colony. • 2. Regulates sex of offspring- • parthenogenesis • 3. Unfertilized eggs- males • 4. Fertilized eggs- females

  24. Queen termite

  25. b. Drones- mate with new queens

  26. Worker caste • Sisters, all daughters of queen • Care for the eggs, larvae, queen & drones. • Forage for food • Maintain the nest • Take larvae to queen who feeds the larvae “royal jelly”. This pheromone-laced liquid determines the larvae’s role in the colony. • Future workers receive jelly for 1st3 days. • Future queens receive jelly throughout larval stage.

  27. Soldiers- defend the nest • ** Bees & wasps do not have soldier insects.**

  28. ANT SLAVERY- Some ant species invade others nest & steal larvae. They take them back to the nest where they become workers. ANT FARMING- Some will “herd” aphids & protect them from predators. Aphids supply sweet liquid- honey dew which ants eat.

  29. INSECT METAMORPHOSIS • Paurometabolus- incomplete • Egg • Nymph- look like small adults • a. Lack reproductive • organs • b. Lack wings • 3. Adults- after several molts, reproductive organs & wings are grown.

  30. Holometabolus- complete • Egg • Larvae- wormlike (grubs- beetle larvae) • a. No reproductive organs • b. No wings • c. Must eat constantly to store enough energy for pupa stage • Pupa- inactive stage • May be surrounded by cocoon (moths). • Body is undergoing • radical change. • Adult- emerges w/ reproductive • organs & wings.

  31. ECONOMIC/ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE

  32. The reproductive males in a social insect colony are called? a. Drones b. Workers c. nymphs • Immature insects lack reproductive organs & ___. • Mouths b. Wings c. Respiratory organs Use the diagrams below to answer questions 3-5. • Which organism is the nymph? • Which organism is the pupa? • Which of these is holometabolous metamorphosis? C A B D E

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