Religion

1. Religion • Religion played an important part in European politics. • Until the Baroque Period, the Catholic Church was the only religious power in Europe. • Martin Luther challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church, marking the beginning the Reformation (Lutheran tradition).

2. The Catholic Church countered the Reformation and demonstrated its power by building St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome, Italy.

3. St. Peter’s Cathedral, with this great dome, is considered one of the architectural masterpieces of the Baroque period in Europe.Sketch this dome in your notes.

4. If you are standing inside the dome looking up this is what you see. Observe carefully and write five statements about the dome in your notes.

5. Architecture • Architecture was influenced by the wealth and splendor of kingdoms in Europe. • Important buildings of the Baroque Period are often identified by their rounded arches, domes, carved or painted ceilings, and accents painted in real gold.

6. This is inside St. Peter’s Cathedral again. Notice the highly decorated walls. In your notes, sketch the arches and some of the carved ornaments (decorations) around them.

7. King Louis XIV of France built the Chateau de Versailles during the Baroque period as a monument to himself. There are 1000 rooms in this palace and grand gardens on the other side. Every year millions of people visit Versailles.

8. This photo was taken looking through the doors of the second floor balcony of the chapel in the Chateau de Versailles. In your notes, write four characteristics of Baroque architecture shown in the chapel.

9. Baroque furniture styles were similar to the architecture.In your notes, write three characteristics of this table that would make you think it was designed during the Baroque period. Sketch the table leg.

10. In your notes, sketch or describe this chair. Would you expect to see this chair at Chateau de Versailles or in St. Peter’s Cathedral?Explain your answer.

11. Art • Many artists of the Baroque Period were accomplished in several art forms such as painting, sculpture, and interior designs of buildings.

12. Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt is known for the portraits he painted. This is one of the hundred self-portraits he painted. In your notes, write three details of his clothing that would make you think it was worn during the Baroque period.

13. Peter Paul Rubens Study Ruben’s landscape painting. In your notes, write 3 sentences to describe what you see.

14. Gianlorenzo Bernini Bernini is known as a painter, sculptor, and architect. This is his most famous fountain, Fountain of the Four Rivers, located inRome, Italy.

15. No indoor plumbing. No ovens. No dishwashers. No furnaces. No washers and dryers. No school. Only Royalty were able to hire tutors and a governess for their children. Travel was very slow for everyone, so people don’t go far. Maximum speed was 8 miles per hour. At that rate, it would take 6 hours to travel from school to St. Cloud. Would you trade your living conditions with someone from the Baroque period?

16. Baroque Review • Give the dates of the Baroque Period. 2. What does “Baroque” mean? 3. Name the three countries considered “super powers” of this time. 4. Name the three classes of people in this time.

17. Baroque Review continued 5. Describe the clothing worn by the wealthiest people, and what types of activities they could do when wearing it. 6. Who started the fashion trend of wigs for men? • The Catholic Church was a very powerful religion at the start of the Baroque period. What happened to challenge this position of power? 8. How did the Catholic church respond to this challenge?

18. Baroque Review continued 9. List three features of architecture created during this time. 10. Describe characteristics of a portrait painted during the Baroque. 11. Describe characteristics of sculpture created during the Baroque. 12. Name three inventions or improvements that make our lives more comfortable than living conditions during the Baroque era.