Street & Other Outdoor Lighting: Where Are The Energy Saving Opportunities?

1. Street & Other Outdoor Lighting: Where Are The Energy Saving Opportunities? Terry McGowan, FIES, LC Lighting Ideas, Inc. lighting@ieee.org

2. Street and Other Outdoor Includes: Street & Roadway Outdoor Parking Areas Safety & Security Lighting Signs & Signals Buildings & Decorative Sports & Recreational

3. Outdoor Lighting Energy Use:* • 8% of the energy used for all lighting • 58,000+ GWh/year • 93% (of the 8%) Energy Use = Roadway & Parking Area • 85%+ Use HID or Other Efficient Light Sources • 60% High Pressure Sodium • 20% Mercury • 5% Metal Halide • 4% Incandescent • 10% Low Pressure Sodium, Fluorescent & Other • 60 Million “Cobra-Head” Luminaires • *U.S. DOE. Lighting Market Characterization Vol.1 National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate 9/02

4. Why Now?: • 1/1/08 – Mercury Ballasts Obsolete (2005 EPACT) • Lighting “Zones” Being Adopted – CA and Elsewhere – Light Levels Based Upon Population Density • HID Headlights 2000 Lumen (Halogen)  4000 Lumen (HID) = Which Roadways Should Be Lighted? • FHWA Now Doing All Roadway Visibility Research With Headlights. Lighting Recommendation Changes? • Growing Sensitivity To Environmental Impact, Glare, Stray And Wasted Light • Solid State Lighting Systems – “LED Cities”

5. Electric Outdoor Lighting – Some Background 1879 - 1881

6. Public Square, Cleveland OH 1879 Brush Arc Lights, 150 Foot Poles

7. Menlo Park, NJ December 31, 1879

8. New York City - Installing Underground Wiring for the Pearl Street Station - 1882

9. 1884 Edison Torchlight Parade NYC

11. Outdoor Lighting Applications Driven By Light Source Developments 1876 Jablochkoff "Candle" (Carbon Arc Lamp) 1879 Incandescent Lamp 1958 Mercury Lamp 1900 1950 2000 1938 Fluorescent Lamp 2005 LEDs 1965 MH and HPS Lamps

12. 1939 New York World’s Fair – “Trylon and Perisphere” First Outdoor Fluorescent Lighting

13. State Street - Chicago 1957 – The “Great White Way”

14. Outdoor Lighting Applications Driven By Light Source Developments 1876 Jablochkoff "Candle" (Carbon Arc Lamp) 1879 Incandescent Lamp 1958 Mercury Lamp 1900 1950 2000 1938 Fluorescent Lamp 2005 LED 1965 MH and HPS Lamps

16. Every Major Electric Light Source Was First Used For Outdoor Lighting

17. Every Major Electric Light Source Was First Used For Outdoor Lighting -- Except LEDs.

19. Outdoor Lighting Applications – 1st. Limits Driven By Light Source Developments 1876 Jablochkoff "Candle" (Carbon Arc Lamp) 1879 Incandescent Lamp 1958 Mercury Lamp 1900 1950 2000 1938 Fluorescent Lamp 1970 First Ordinance 1965 MH and HPS Lamps

22. Outdoor Lighting – Environmental Considerations • Chicago Skyline – Same Night Before 11:00 p.m. After 11:00 p.m. Results: - Bird mortality cut by 80% - 10,000 bird deaths avoided/year - Program now expanded to New York, Toronto and other cities

23. Outdoor Lighting – Environmental Considerations CIE 150:2003 includes recognition of the implications of light on animals and plants First compilation of research information on plants and animals - useful for lighting design Helpful for understanding the wavelength (color) aspects of environmental lighting

24. Street & Other Outdoor Lighting • What Are The Energy Saving Opportunities? • Other Benefits – Quality, Lower Costs …. • What Kind of Programs Make Sense • Mercury Luminaire Replacement • LED Streetlight Test • How Should Environmental Concerns Be Included?

25. Street & Other Outdoor Lighting • What Are The Energy Saving Opportunities? • Other Benefits – Quality, Lower Costs …. • What Kind of Programs Make Sense • For Example, Mercury Luminaire Replacement • How Should Environmental Concerns Be Included? Because Of The Fast-Changing Technology, This is A Good Time To Address The Issues.

26. Terry McGowan lighting@ieee.org