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Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology. Objectives: Describe the branches of Anatomy and Physiology Recognize the main functions of each organ system. Anatomy: The study of STRUCTURE . Gross Anatomy: Large, easily observable structures. (Ex: Heart, bones) Microscopic Anatomy :

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Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology Objectives: Describe the branches of Anatomy and Physiology Recognize the main functions of each organ system.

  2. Anatomy: The study of STRUCTURE. • Gross Anatomy: • Large, easily observable structures. (Ex: Heart, bones) • Microscopic Anatomy: • Structures too small to observe with the naked eye. • Cytology – the study of cells • Histology – the study of tissues

  3. Physiology – The study of FUNCTON. • Ex: Cardiac Physiology: study of the function of the heart

  4. Organization in Living Things • Cells are made of organic molecules: • Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids make up the cell and organelles. • AtomsCellsTissuesOrganOrgan SystemOrganism

  5. Organization in Living Things Damage at any level can affect the health and functioning of the organism.

  6. Systems of Support • Integumentary System: The Skin • The external covering of the body, AKA skin!! • Functions: • Waterproofs the body • Protects the deeper tissues from injury • Excretes salts and urea in perspiration • Regulates body temperature

  7. Systems of Support • Skeletal System • Serves as a framework of support • Protects internal organs • Muscular System • Skeletal muscles make up the muscular system. • Contract/shorten for movement, heat production

  8. Systems of Control • Nervous System • The body’s fast-acting control system • Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors. • Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands • Regulates gradual changes within the body, with chemical controllers called hormones. • Includes: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals, Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovaries, and Testes.

  9. Systems that maintain Homeostasis • Cardiovascular System: Heart, Blood Vessels • Delivery & transport of gases, nutrients and wastes • Respiratory System: Lungs • Gas exchange (carbon dioxide  oxygen) • Consists of nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

  10. Systems that maintain Homeostasis • Digestive System • Alimentary Canal: A tube running through the body from mouth to anus. • Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients • Include mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, and rectum. • Urinary System • Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine. • Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

  11. Systems that maintain Homeostasis • Lymphatic/Immune System: • Defends body against pathogens, infection and disease • Reproductive System: • Main function is producing offspring • Produces gametes (egg and sperm) • Male’s R.S includes: sperm, testes, scrotum, penis, duct systems. • Female’s R.S includes: Ovaries, eggs, uterine tubes, vagina, and uterus.

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