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Overview of Presidential Elections

Overview of Presidential Elections. The American “Party Systems”. Framers' Non-Partisan System (1789-1792) First Party System (1796-1816) Democratic-Republicans vs. Federalists (agrarian/labor) (commercial/financial)

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Overview of Presidential Elections

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  1. Overview of Presidential Elections

  2. The American “Party Systems” Framers' Non-Partisan System (1789-1792) First Party System (1796-1816) Democratic-Republicans vs. Federalists (agrarian/labor) (commercial/financial) (mostly South & “West”) (Northeast & especially N.E.) • Congressional Caucus nominating system Era of Good Feelings and One-Party Factionalism (1820-1824) • collapse of Federalist Party • collapse of Congressional Caucus

  3. “Party Systems” (cont.) Second Party System (1828-1852) Democrats vs. Whigs (Nat. Reps.+ Anti-Masonic) (agrarian and lower-class) (commercial and upper-class) • largely non-sectional • rise of mass parties and campaigns • origins of party organization based on patronage • greatly increased franchise and turnout • creation national nominating convention • extensive third party activity (and fusion) Civil War Disruption (1856-64) Democrats vs. Republicans (N. Whigs + Free Soil) (pro-South) (North)

  4. “Party Systems” (cont.) Third Party System (1868-1892) Democrats vs. Republicans (agrarian + labor + immigrants) (commercial/industrial) (South plus some North) (most of North) • very close and high-turnout elections from 1874 onward • frequent divided government • after 1876, consolidation of “Solid South” • rise of political machines based on patronage • highpoint of party-dominant nominating politics • introduction of Australian ballot and anti-fusion laws • agrarian protest third party movements

  5. “Party Systems” (cont.) Fourth Party System (1896-1928) Democrats (+ Populists) vs. Republicans agrarian plus immigrants) (commercial/industrial) (South plus some West and some cities) (Northeast & Midwest) • maximal sectionalism • black disenfranchisement in the Jim Crow South • rise of Progressive political reforms • voter registration, primaries, initiative and referendum, etc. • decline of voting turnout • rise of “mixed system” of nomination (with Pres. primaries) • political machines begin to decline

  6. “Party Systems” (cont.) Fifth (New Deal) Party System (1932-1968) Democrats vs. Republicans (labor/ethnic/urban plus South) (business & prof. [outside of South]) • class based politics (outside of South) • New Deal vs. anti-New Deal • increased turnout • civil rights movement and cracks in the old “Solid [Democratic] South” • conflict between “new reformers” and “old bosses” • origins of mass media campaigns, etc.

  7. “Party Systems” (cont.) Sixth Party System (1972-2000+) Democrats vs. Republicans (“liberals”) (“conservatives”) (pro-New Deal remnant) (anti-New Deal remnant) (great majority of non-whites) (majority of whites) • rise of social/cultural issues • rise of candidate-oriented Pres. nominating politics • migration of white Southerners from Dem ==> Rep • rise of candidate-centered politics and media campaigns • era of divided government (Rep. Presidents vs. Dem. House)

  8. “Party Systems” (cont.) Seventh Party System (2000? - ???) Democrats vs. Republicans (“blue states”) (“red states”) coastal America middle America secular America religious America (great majority of non-whites) (majority of whites) increased turnout dominance of social/cultural issues solidification of “solid Republican South” (Cong. + Pres.) strengthened party identification in electorate greatly strengthen party unity in Congress extremely close Presidential and Congressional elections resumption of unified government

  9. Realigning Elections 1796-1800 ushering in First Party System 1828-1832 ushering in Second Party System 1856-1860 ushering in Third Party System 1896 ushering in Fourth Party System 1932-1936 ushering in Fifth Party System 1964-1972 ushering in Sixth Party System 2000-??? Ushering in ????

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