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Gerundives of obligation (the passive paraphrastic ) and Purpose clauses

One weird looking verb form and another use of the subjunctive. Gerundives of obligation (the passive paraphrastic ) and Purpose clauses. Gerundives of obligation/ the Passive Paraphrastic. Despite its horrendously icky name, this construction isn’t too bad.

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Gerundives of obligation (the passive paraphrastic ) and Purpose clauses

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  1. One weird looking verb form and another use of the subjunctive Gerundives of obligation (the passive paraphrastic) and Purpose clauses

  2. Gerundives of obligation/ the Passive Paraphrastic • Despite its horrendously icky name, this construction isn’t too bad. • We have seen one simple way of expressing obligation: • Necesseestmihilaborare. It is necessary for me to work. • We use the adjective “necesse” + the verb “est”… • Then use a dative noun to express “for” whom it is necessary—mihi • And finally we have the infinitive expressing whatever it is necessary for them to do—laborare.

  3. Pass. Paraphrastic cont. • Doesn’t that seem like a lot of work? • There is another way of expressing obligation—the passive paraphrastic! • Rather than necesseestmihilaborare… • Mihilaborandum est. I must run. • We get rid of the necesse bit altogether • Then we take the infinitive: laborare, drop the –re, so we have: labora • Then add –ndum! • Laborandum

  4. How it works… • You still put the person who MUST do the action in the DATIVE case. • TIBIcurrendum est. • Who must run? • You (s.) must run. • Quintospectandum est. • Who must watch? • Quintus must watch. • Eīsfugiendum est. • They must flee.

  5. Translation Practice • Omnibus civibustacendumest quod sacerdotesappropinquaverunt. • Si imperaoremviderevolunt, eīsfestinandum est. • Nobisambulandum est.

  6. Tips/things to remember • Dative forms of pronouns: • Mihi = to/for me (I must…) • Tibi = to/for you (you must) • Nobis = to/for us (we must) • Vobis = to/for you all (you all must) • Eī = to/for him/her/it (he/she/it must) • Eīs = to/for them (they must)

  7. And now for something completely different… • A new subjunctive form! • Purpose clauses! • You all learn Latin in ordertobe awesome! • Quintus left the town in order to find Agricola. • Quintus oppidumexiitutAgricolaminveniret. • Notice: the “in order to” word: ut + the subjunctive.

  8. Practice: • Milites ad principia conveneruntutAgricolamaudiret. • *principia= headquarters. • Rex iter ad fontemfecitutaquamsacrambiberet. • *iter—think itinerary • Villamintravistiutpecuniamnostramcaperes • And now… for my favorite…

  9. Omnescives ad silvamcontenderuntutleonemmortuumspectaret.

  10. Recap • What is this called? • Mihicurrendum est. • How is it translated? • What does “ut” mean in purpose clauses? • What mood of verb do we use in purpose clauses?

  11. Questions? • Open your book to p. 115, part C.

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