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Ancient Mesopotamia: Scribes, Cuneiform, Monarchy, and City-States

Learn about the role of scribes, the writing system of cuneiform, the government structure of monarchy, and the concept of city-states in ancient Mesopotamia. Explore topics such as irrigation systems, surplus of goods, and the Fertile Crescent.

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Ancient Mesopotamia: Scribes, Cuneiform, Monarchy, and City-States

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  1. Southwest Asia Chapter 2 Ancient Mesopotamia

  2. What is a Scribe? • A person in Sumerian society who writes

  3. What is cuneiform? • Cuneiform are soft-clay tablets with wedge shaped letters

  4. What is a ziggurat? • A ziggurat is a Sumer religious temple surrounded by the marketplace and village of the city-state

  5. Describe a monarchy government • A type of government where one person has complete authority to rule in peacetime and lead soldiers in time of war.

  6. How were dikes and canals used? • Dikes were used as part of an irrigation system to control floodwaters. This prevented the destruction valuable farm land provided water for their fields.

  7. What is a Surplus of Goods? • Surplus means producing enough food to create a division of labor, this allowed people to life in cities and have non-farming jobs.

  8. What was a result of early agriculture? • Early Agriculture domesticated plants & animals and produced a reliable food source.

  9. Describe city-states • A city and its surrounding farmlands with its own leaders & government. Sumer, Ur, and Babylon are examples of early city-states.

  10. What is labor and how did it effect early civilizations? • Labor means to work at a job or activity to earn a living. A division of labor meant not all people were producing food.

  11. What is irrigation? • Irrigation a system of dikes, canals, ditches and dams to control the floodwaters

  12. What is Monotheism? • The Israelites believed in Monotheism which is the belief in one god. • As opposed to most religions at the time that worshipped many gods.

  13. What does go into exile mean? • Exile is the act of being forced to live in another place • As when the Jews left Mesopotamia with Abraham

  14. Mesopotamia • The word means the land between 2 rivers • Mesopotamia is the area surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers also known as the Fertile Crescent.

  15. Where is the Tigris & Euphrates Valley? • Tigris & Euphrates Valley is the land between the two rivers in Sumer that were a major part of the Fertile Crescent.

  16. What were the Phoenicians famous for? • Phoenicians are the people who invented a system of writing of symbols that stood for sounds called cuneiform • Developing and exporting the color purple.

  17. Who was Moses? • Moses was the leader of the Israelites who led them out of exile in Egypt

  18. Who was Sargon? • Sargon was the first ruler of Mesopotamia to unite the city-states and established an empire.

  19. Who was Hammurabi? • Hammurabi was the Babylonian ruler who established a tax system and a set of laws to support the government.

  20. What is the Code of Hammurabi? • Code of Hammurabi were the pillar of laws that Hammurabi set up to establish order in Babylonia.

  21. Who was Abraham? • Abraham was the “father of the Israelites” who according to the Bible received the convent (Special agreement) from God.

  22. Where is the Fertile Crescent? • Fertile Crescent is located in Southwest Asia, where the fertile land between the 2 rivers provided good farming land, but was surrounded by arid or dry desert.

  23. Describe Sumer • Sumer is a ancient city-state located in the southern part of Mesopotamia • It was known for its technology in farming and irrigation systems. • This created a food surplus and a division of labor

  24. Which civilization was known for creating coins? • Lydians developed coins that had the same weight and value • Coins were made of a mixture of gold & silver called electrum. • Before they used a barter system.

  25. Ancient Sumer began to have a division of labor which was caused by? • Developed technology in farming and irrigation systems. • The ability to produce more food than needed • Surplus of food allowed workers to become skilled craftsman • Skilled workers created a complex division of labor

  26. Study TonightTest Tomorrow Study Guides and Maps will be turned in the day of the test

  27. Directions for handing in your Chapter 2 outlines • Hand in SS spiral • Make sure you have highlighted the Vocabulary • Open it to the first lesson you want me to correct • Write your name and period at the top of the page

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