Hydrogen & Fuel Cells For a more sustainable future

1. 2005 C3P AND NASA TECHNICAL WORKSHOP Hydrogen & Fuel CellsFor a more sustainable future José Luís Alexandre – jla@fe.up.pt DEMEGI/INEGI - Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering – University of Porto September- 2005 Portugal

2. Contents • Overview of actual oil situation in world and Portugal • Energy Resources • Environment impact • Green Hydrogen • INEGI Work in Hydrogen and Fuel Cell domain since 2001: • Projects • National - FCT funds • European funding SAVE • Own funding project – INEGI ( Will be a national project funding we expect it) • Hydrogen test facilities

3. Oil Price = Oil World crisis • USD • Oil Price !!! • The World demand is Increasing - (China and India) • Economic, social and political instability in the extraction zones (ex. Iraqi, Venezuela, Russia e Nigeria) • The efficiency of production and exploration without any improvements in last years December 2005 P=$100.0 Fonte: BP review of World Energy; IMF/World Bank; Platts

4. Actual Portuguese Scenario • Economy impact • Own Natural energy resources ???? • Utilization of energy with low efficiency Increase the energy demand • Increase of the oil needs • The economy impact in Portugal is 3x higher than the average of EC

5. Lux Lux Port. Port. Esp. Esp. Ale. Ale. Fil. Fil. 79,3 40,5 64,8 85,8 64,2 86,2 52,7 80,3 38,3 84,0 57,0 27,9 Actual Portuguese Scenario • Oil /Total prime energy (%) • Fuel Fossil Needs .

6. Resources and Environment Questions • World energy resources • Oil : 40 years • NG : 61 years • Coal : 270 years • Environment • Global warm • Weather world changes • (KATRINA!!) • Acid rains • Leakages • etc

7. Greenhouse effect (CO2) Kyoto 61,6% No- Kyoto 38,4% Others 2,3% % Global emissions Forecast emissions for next 50 years

8. Alternatives ?? • Fuel Globally Acceptable • Enough for national energy demand • Environment friendly – CLEAN • Improve the life quality (ex. In cities - controlled emission pollution ) • Sustainable Increase of the energetic system and decrease the oil needs, • More efficient that leads profit more the natural resources available

9. GREEN H2 Applications Solar Buildings Industrials Electric Energy Wind electrolyse Green H2 Portable equip. Prime Energy waves & tide Transportation Thermal Energy Biomass Geothermic Chemical Energy Bio methanol SteamReforming Biogas

10. INEGI research areas and development • H2 production • Wind farms with H2/FC backup • H2 storage • Chemical storage device • H2 applications • Fuel Cell systems • Portable PEMFC systems • Test, standardisation and learning

11. Future project – Green H2 production Montezinho hill Demonstration project Wind Energy Fuel Cell Electrolyser H2 Storage

12. H2 Wind Energy & H2 Production Fuel Cell Power: 6*2,5 kW

13. Balance of plant – first theoretical approach

14. H2 Storage – NaBH4 • Chemical storage with Sodium Boron Hydride (NaBH4) solution NaBH4 + H2O -> NaBOH + H2 NaBH4 reactor Lab facilities

15. H2 ApplicationsProject SIME – national funding • Trolley • Mobile recharge FC • Radio FC power supply • Gas telemetry System device Industrial Consortium: SRE National Lab and Research institute: INEGI & INETI Objectives: Development of Fuel Cells for Portable Applications Work done so far :

16. Trolley

17. Mobile recharge Power unit

18. Metal hydride Radio FC power supply unit

19. Gas telemetry System device Hydrogen and Fuel Cells at Hanover Fair 2004

20. Optimization of Hydrogen PEMFC • FCT funding project already started • Optimization of PEMFC and develop test procedures • Develop a transient 2D modeling of H2 FC (PEM technology) • Validation of CFD codes with experimental tests • Elaboration of test procedures for industrial based both on FCTEstNet project and new standard international codes

21. H2 Test, normalization and learning European Projects • The Fuel Cell Testing and Standardisation NETwork - FCTESTNET • European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform - HFP

22. IEC TC105 • ISO TC 197 • CEN/CENELEC • OTHER INT’L. ACTIVITIES • Deliverables • Compilation of testing protocols & methodologies • Agreed proposals for harmonisation FCTESTNET • Objectives • Compile and harmonise testing procedures for fuel cells, stacks and systems • Initial assessment of FC systems against user requirements for stationary, portable and transport applications

23. Project Structure

24. INEGI Participation Experience in R&D of Automotive, Energy Production and Renewable Energy, in the definition of Testing and Standardisation procedures of Fuel Cell technologies. Contributing expertise from the R&D fields Automotive, Energy Production and Renewable Energy. Knowledge of thermodynamic, chemical and mechanical engineering aspects. Definition of Testing and Standardisation procedures of Fuel Cell technologies

25. HFP – Program Structure Applying the know-how gather in the recent EC project As an University we have some skills in that field that we can use

26. The main goal of the H2& FC platform: The idea is to facilitate and accelerate: • The development and deployment of cost-competitive H2 & FC; • Change the base Energy systems in European in toward to the hydrogen and fuel cell society; • The components and systems for transport application, portable and stationary power applications

27. Main Tasks of our group • Participation in meetings of the Hydrogen and FC Platform – general meetings and Initiative Group meetings. • Contribution to surveys and state-of-the-art reports on relevant subjects. • Preparation of research proposals to be submitted to the EU R&D framework programmes. (7 FP)

28. INEGI Hydrogen / FC test facilities

29. INEGI Hydrogen/FC test facilities Hydrogen Storage Gas Unit control

30. INEGI Hydrogen/FC test facilities Humidification device Data Acquisition System Electric Load Device

31. GREEN H2Power and Fuel Cells END Thank you