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THE PROJECT SPOSH ( S MART P ANORAMIC O PTICAL S ENSOR H EAD)

THE PROJECT SPOSH ( S MART P ANORAMIC O PTICAL S ENSOR H EAD). M. Di Martino 1 , E. Battistelli 2 (1) INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino (2) Galileo Avionica S.p.A. DEFINITIONS.

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THE PROJECT SPOSH ( S MART P ANORAMIC O PTICAL S ENSOR H EAD)

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  1. THE PROJECT SPOSH(SMART PANORAMIC OPTICAL SENSOR HEAD) M. Di Martino1, E. Battistelli2 (1) INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino (2) Galileo Avionica S.p.A.

  2. DEFINITIONS • Transient phenomena on planetary bodies are defined as luminous events of different intensities, which occur in planetary atmospheres and surfaces, the duration of which spans from some milliseconds to some hours • “Earth phenomena” & “Planetary phenomena”

  3. Earth phenomena • Meteors and bolides • Lightning • Sprites • Blue jets • Elves • Noctilucent clouds • Auroras

  4. METEORS • Beginning point: ~ 80 - 120 km • End point: ~ 30 - 70 km • Duration: ~ 0.5 - 3 s • Lenght: ~ 10 - 20 km • Type: sporadic, showers (~ 25% obs. meteors) • Frequency: ~ 5 - 100 per hour (up to thousands during meteor storms) Visual meteors meteoroids with D2mm Atmospheric interaction of meteoroids is a primary tool to characterize their population, including dynamical, physical and chemical properties

  5. METEOR TERMINOLOGY Absolute magnitude: apparent magnitude of a meteor located at the zenith at a height of 100 km • Pre-heating • Ablation - Fragmentation • Dark-flight (v < 3 km/s) • Impact Ceplecha et al., 1998

  6. Meteor Observational Techniques MethodObservables 1) Photographic – TV Lightcurve, velocity vector, beginning and terminal heights, spectrum 2) Radar Ionization, flux, velocity vector (approximate), mass estimate 3) Space-based sensors As for point 1) + IR, but without atm. interference 4) Infrasonic - Seismic Azimuth, elevation, energy

  7. Meteor Observational Limitations • 1) GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS ARE VERY LIMITED: • VERY SMALL OBSERVED SPACE VOLUME • SEVERE GEOGRAPHIC LIMITATIONS OF THE • MONITORING SYSTEMS • WEATHER CONDITION DEPENDENT • 2) NO SYSTEMATIC MONITORING SYSTEMS FROM SPACE • EXIST.ONLYSERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATIONS OF • CLASSIFIEDDoD AND DoE SURVEILLANCE SATELLITES

  8. ELECTRIC PHENOMENA IN ATMOSPHERE

  9. Planetary phenomena • Meteors and electrical discharges on Mars,Venus, and giant planets • Impact flashesonthe Moon, Mercury, Mars and giant-planet satellites • Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLP) • Auroras

  10. IMAGING OF LANDING SITES • Imaging of surfaces during landing approach manoeuvres on the dark side of a planetary body • Imaging for search of landing sites in the interior of Moon and Mercury impact craters never illuminated by the Sun

  11. The Project S-POSH (Smart Panoramic Optical Sensor Head) As part of the Technology and Research Program (TRP), the European Space Agency (ESA) has funded a study for a “Smart Panoramic Optical Sensor Head”. The main goal of this program is to develop the technology for a space-qualified, very light and sensitive camera with a wide field of view, both from the hardware and the software side. The scientific application is to allow imaging of phenomena on the dark side of planetary bodies, e.g. meteors, bolides, impact flashes, lightning flashes from thunderstorms or electrical discharges in dust storms, aurorae, etc.

  12. The ESA request consists in a camera with the following properties: • Wide-angle optics; • Simple, but very light and sensitive detector; • On-board software for the detection of the events of scientific interest, to reduce the data volume to be downloaded. • The following activities have been and will be performed as part of this study by the OATo and Galileo Avionica S.p.A: • Analyze the science requirements, derive technical requirements; • Produce a design of a space-qualified camera head with software; • Build a breadboard, that will demonstrate that a flight-qualified version could be built; • Perform tests; • Deliver the breadboard to ESA capable to acquire real data (from ground) and to process them to detect the significant events.

  13. S-POSH TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS • Large angular FOV (120°) • Focal length: 4.32 mm • Aperture: 2.5 mm • Spectral sensitivity: 450 - 950 nm (QE>10%) • High sensitivity: mV = +6 moving at 5°/s with • SNR > 5 • Short sampling time: 100 ms • Real time processing for selected events • detection • Flexibility (meteors, lightning, auroras, etc.)

  14. S-POSH PLATFORM FOV nadir S-POSH mechanical design:

  15. Detector • L3VISION Electron Multiplying CCD (manufactured by E2V) • 512 x 512 pixel • 16 x 16 m2 pixel size • TEC cooling (near -20°C operative temperature)

  16. EMCCD camera

  17. COMPUTER AIDED METEOR SIMULATOR

  18. SPOSH test in planetarium

  19. S-POSH budget • Size: 10x10x10 cm • Mass: 1.56 kg • Power: 4.9 W

  20. Potential flight opportunities in Earth orbit • International Space Station (ISS) – on downward looking platform. Orbit between 300 and 400 km altitude. Operate at night (ca. 40 min per orbit) • Galileo GPS satellites – the future European navigation system. S-POSH could be mounted on less than 10 satellites to cover continuously all the night-time hemisphere (it would need smaller FOV) • University satellites

  21. ISS-based mission

  22. Galileo European Global Navigation Satellite System 30 satellites (27 operational + 3 active spares) - 23,600 km Full operational capability foreseen in 2008.

  23. Galileo satellites S-POSH Mass: 650 kg 1.6 kg Power: 1,500 W ~5 W Size: ? 10x10x10 cm

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