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DNA

DNA. Replication to Transcription to Translation. DNA Replication. Replication : DNA in the chromosomes is copied in the nucleus. DNA molecule is unzipped. Free nucleotides pair up. DNA Replication. Each original strand of DNA acts as a pattern or template for the new strand.

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DNA

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  1. DNA Replication to Transcription to Translation

  2. DNA Replication • Replication : DNA in the chromosomes is copied in the nucleus. • DNA molecule is unzipped. • Free nucleotides pair up

  3. DNA Replication • Each original strand of DNA acts as a pattern or template for the new strand. • DNA is unzipped and new strand is formed • A pairs with T • C pairs with G

  4. DNA Replication

  5. DNA Replication • The DNA strands run in one direction. 5’-3’ (Think of it as left to right.) • The complimenting strand will run in the opposite direction 3’-5’

  6. DNA Replication • DNA copies in one direction. • 5’ to the 3’

  7. DNA Replication • Complete the strand of DNA that compliments this DNA 5’ 3’ • C A G T A T G C • G T C A T A C G 3’ 5’

  8. Transcription • Genes made of DNA contain the information to make proteins. • DNA in the nucleus gives the instructions to RNA • RNA takes the information to the cytoplasm

  9. RNA • Single strand nucleic acid • Sugar is ribose • Nitrogenous bases are • Adenine • Cytosine • Guanine • Uracil (different from DNA)

  10. Transcription: RNA is made from a DNA strand • DNA is the template • Free nucleotides pair with DNA • This RNA is mRNA • C = G • A = U

  11. Transcription

  12. Transcription • Complete the strand of RNA that compliments this DNA • G C A T A T G C • C G U A U A C G

  13. Translation • Translation : the process of changing the information in mRNA into a protein

  14. Translation • The messenger RNA (mRNA) takes the instructions out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm • It will bind to a ribosome to make the protein

  15. Translation • Once the mRNA is attached to the ribosome the code is read • The code is read 3 letters at a time • Codon: a group of 3 nitrogenous bases

  16. Translation • Each codon represents one amino acid ( the building blocks of protein)

  17. Translation • Name the amino acid coded for in the following codons • AAG • GCG • UAG • AUG

  18. Translation • Once the mRNA is attached to the ribosome, tRNA begins to deliver amino acids • The tRNA pairs its anticodon to the codon of the mRNA

  19. Translation

  20. Translation • Which anticodon will pair with the codon?(they are opposite of the codon) • CGA UAC AAG CGC ACG • GCU AUG UUC GCG UGC

  21. Translation • The ribosome attaches the tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon. • The amino acids attach with peptide bonds • Once the amino acid is attached the tRNA is released.

  22. Translation • The ribosome will begin to assemble the amino acids at the “start” codon AUG • It will end when it reads a “stop” codon • Name a “stop” codon.

  23. Translation • Once the completed amino acid chain is released, the amino acids twist and curl into complex 3-D shapes forming the protein

  24. Central Dogma • The pathway of information in a cell flows from DNA mRNA Protein Trait This is true in all living things !

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