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In and Beyond the Classroom: Educating for Courage. International Conference on Character Education Yogyakarta University Nov. 9, 2011 Bernice Lerner, Ed.D. How might we deliberately go about helping our students to develop good habits/make wise choices/internalize virtue?.
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In and Beyond the Classroom: Educating for Courage International Conference on Character Education Yogyakarta University Nov. 9, 2011 Bernice Lerner, Ed.D.
How might we deliberately go about helping our students to develop good habits/make wise choices/internalize virtue? By means of four strategies
Courage Ofr. Corage, curage - heart, spirit L. Cor - heart
Courage • The attitude or response of facing and dealing with anything recognized as dangerous, difficult, or painful instead of withdrawing from it • Quality of being fearless or brave; valor • Mind; purpose; disposition; spirit; temper - Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language, 1966.
What is the emotion we feel when faced with a dangerous, difficult, or painful situation?
What is fearful is not the same for every person .
The emotion of fear overcomes us when we... • fear what we should not. • fear as we should not. • fear when we should not.
“The [person]… who faces and who fears the right things, from the right motive, in the right way, and who feels confidence under the corresponding conditions, is brave…” -Aristotle
The Coward • Lacks confidence • Displays excessive fear in difficult/painful situations
The Rash Person • Is boastful, a pretender to courage. • Displays inappropriate fearlessness
Guo You Bu Ji “The excess is as bad as the deficiency”
“To see what is right and not do it, that is cowardice.” - Confucius
The Brave Person • Is collected beforehand, and excited in the moment of action. • Is motivated by a sense of honour. • Will have fears, but will face them as he or she ought.
“Heroism is the dazzling and glorious concentration of courage.” -Henri Frederic Amiel
“Courage, as a virtue… presupposes some form of selflessness, altruism, or generosity.”- André Comte-Sponville
Courage is... • the precondition of all other virtues • will at its most determined, and, in the face of danger or suffering, at its most necessary. • resistant to intellectualism - André Comte-Sponville
Courage Look-Alikes vs. True Courage • The courage of the citizen-soldier who is not motivated by penalties or prizes, but by an internal sense of what is right. • The courage of the person who faces death with knowledge of the facts, i.e., that the odds are against him/her.
The courage of the person who does not have time to prepare a response, who responds bravely to alarms. • The courage of the person who stands by his/her convictions, no matter the consequences.
How does one become courageous? “… the virtues we get by first exercising them….we become brave by doing brave acts.” - Aristotle
“The bravest thing you can do when you are not brave is to profess courage and act accordingly.” - Corra May White Harris (1869-1935)
“If a man has any greatness in him, it comes to light, not in one flamboyant hour, but in the ledger of his daily work.”- Beryl Markham, West With the Night
Sophie Scholl and the White Rose The power of a life
Inge, b. 1917 Hans, b. 1918 Elisabeth, b. 1920 Sophie, b. 1921 Werner, b. 1922 Robert and Magdalene Scholl
Ulm, Germany 1930-1940
Hans Scholl • Became disillusioned with The Hitler Youth • Intellectual • Soldier • Medical student • Founder of “The White Rose”
Alexander Schmorell (Schurik) • In medical school to please his physician father • Artist & musician • Cherished his Russian ancestry (on mother’s side) • Lost his mother in infancy
Christopher Probst • Soldier • Medical student • Married, 3 children • Came from a family of Bavarian scholars
Willi Graf • Soldier • Medical student • Devout Catholic • Joined W.R. late • Got supplies • Traveled to recruit support
Professor Kurt Huber • Popular professor of philosophy • Carefully concealed biting remarks against Hitler • Contributed to 5th leaflet • Drafted 6th leaflet
Jurgen Wittenstein • Medical student • Introduced Alex and Hans • Survived. Now a retired doctor and professor living in Santa Barbara, CA