The Early Cold War: 1947-1970

The EarlyCold War:1947-1970 Ms. Susan M. Pojer and Mrs. Sophia Caramagno

Please do not talk at this time March 2 HW: Read Chapter 17, Sec. 3 and do ONE of the following: Complete Cornell notes, questions 1-8 on pg. 547, or the online handout. • Get out your vocab word maps and compare them with your pod. • Check to make sure that your partners have the same info you do. Make additions as necessary. • Choose the best image/Below the Surface Graphic for each word from your pod. • Get a white board pen and put up your drawing for each Vocab Word under the word on the board. • We should have several drawings for each word in a few moments.

Why would these two nations become enemies? Why would they decide to divide up the world? How is this decision related to economic systems? Please do not talk at this time March 2 Consider the US and the USSR Communism Vs. Capitalism In Communism, all goods are collected from the whole territory (the larger, the more variety in goods) and redistributed to the population. There is NOTHING left over to trade with another country. In Capitalism, trade is the only way to succeed. You MUST compete in the market and sell your goods as often as possible to as many people as possible to be successful. Any Country that is Communist is Lost to the Americans. Any Country that is Capitalist is Lost to the Russians.

Cold War Map Assignment:We will be taking graphic notes on this illustrated time lineIllustrate the following event on your Cold War Map. Use Chpt. 17, Sec 1 and our class discussion on the Cold War Cartoons to help you. • Iron Curtain Using the map on pg. 532, Draw a line between Eastern and Western Europe to show where the Iron Curtain fell. Include the Line in the Key on the left Add the Iron Curtain to your Timeline. Define the Iron Curtain on the back of this paper.

Iron Curtain- From a speech by Winston ChurchillThe Iron Curtain was a symbol to show that Eastern and Western Europe were separated completely. Nothing could get through that imaginary barrier.No People in or out.No ideas in or out.No goods in or out.Russia feared their best, brightest most creative people would leave for a less structured life in the west and that westerners would corrupt the Russians.

Strategies of the Cold War The Cold War was not a conventional war. It was a war of Strategies over direct confrontation. Nearly everything that happened in the cold war can be divided into these 6 strategies: Foreign Aid Propaganda Multinational Alliances Brinkmanship Surrogate Wars Espionage

Examples of Foreign Aid and the Cold War • Both the USA and the USSR wanted to avoid the kind of economic desperation that had helped Hitler rise to power. They knew they couldn't leave the countries of Europe with all the destruction and poverty left by WWII. They solved this problem by offering financial aid to the nations of Europe, and thus boosted their own economies as well. • The Marshal Plan • The Molotov Plan • The Truman Doctrine • US economic support of Batista in Cuba • Russian Economic Aid to Egypt to build the Aswan Dam • US economic support of the Contras in Nicaragua • US economic support of the Shah in Iran

Marshall Plan- 1947 • “European Recovery Program.” • Imagined by Secretary of State, George Marshall • The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move “is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” • $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, (but this was rejected).

Great Britain France Italy West Germany Holland Austria Belgium & Luxembourg Greece Denmark Norway Turkey Ireland Sweden Portugal Yugoslavia Iceland Please do not talk at this time March 3 Finish coloring your map for the Marshal Plan Cold War Map- Marshall Plan • Color the following countries one color (your choice) on your map. • In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries that color are members of the Marshall Plan • On the back of this paper explain what the Marshall Plan was • Put the Marshall Plan on the time line in 1947

The Molotov Plan- 1947 This economic plan was the USSR's answer to the Marshall Plan. It was exactly the same idea. These countries received money and help to rebuild in the image of the USSR- the Communist image.

Cold War Map- Molotov Plan • Color the following countries one color (your choice) on your map. • In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries that color are members of the Molotov Plan • On the back of this paper explain what the Molotov Plan was • Put the Molotov Plan on the time line in 1947 • Soviet Union • Poland • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Bulgaria • Romania

Truman Doctrine 1947 • A Civil War broke out in Greece over limited resources. • Turkey was under pressure from the USSR to give up part of the Dardanelles. (The USSR wanted a warm water port.)‏ • Truman felt the U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures (he meant communists). “We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.” • The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

Cold War Map- Truman Doctrine • Come up with a symbol, like a star, diamond, triangle, fist, etc... (your choice) and draw that symbol on Turkey and Greece on your map. • In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries with that symbol benefited from the Truman Doctrine • On the back of this paper explain what the Truman Doctrine was. • Put the Truman Doctrine on the time line in 1947

Multinational Alliances • Alliances were meant to intimidate other countries into holding an attack. Any country in the alliance could call on all the others for help, thus causing an instant world war and no one wanted that. • NATO- Democratic, Capitalist Nations of the West • Warsaw Pact- Socialist, Communist Nations of the East • Association of Non Aligned Nations- a Group of Independent Nations from South Asia and Africa who refused to take sides

North Atlantic Treaty Organization- 1949‏ • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy These countries agree to defend each other against potential Soviet aggression. • Luxembourg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

Cold War Map- NATO • Come up with a symbol, like a star, diamond, triangle, fist, etc... (your choice) and draw that symbol on the countries listed below on your map. • In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries with that symbol are members of NATO • On the back of this paper explain what the NATO was. • Put the dates for NATO on the time line in 1949, 1952, 1955, 1983 (When Franco dies)‏ • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & • Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact- 1955 • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia These countries agree to defend each other against potential American aggression. • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Romania

Cold War Map- Warsaw Pact • Come up with a symbol, like a star, diamond, triangle, fist, etc... (your choice) and draw that symbol on the countries listed below on your map. • In your map key (on the Left), indicate that countries with that symbol are members of Warsaw Pact • On the back of this paper explain what the Warsaw Pact was. • Put the dates for the Warsaw Pact on the time line in 1955. • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Romania

The Early Cold War: 1947-1970