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The Cold War: 1947-1990

The Cold War: 1947-1990. The Ideological Struggle. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]. US & the Western Democracies. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism. GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan]. METHODOLOGIES:

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The Cold War: 1947-1990

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  1. The Cold War:1947-1990

  2. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

  3. The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

  4. Truman Doctrine [1947] • Civil War in Greece. • Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. • The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. • The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

  5. HARRY S TRUMAN

  6. Marshall Plan [1948] • “European Recovery Program.” • Secretary of State, George Marshall • The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. • $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

  7. Post-War Germany

  8. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)

  9. The Arms Race:A “Missile Gap?” • The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. • Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

  10. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

  11. Warsaw Pact (1955) Communists answer to NATO • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Romania

  12. Premier Nikita Khrushchev About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. -- 1956 De-Stalinization Program

  13. Mao’s Revolution: 1949 Communist win Chinese Civil War; Est. the Peoples Republic of China

  14. Chang Kai Shek Chinese Nationalist defeated in Civil War by communists. Flees to the island of Formosa (Taiwan) and establishes The Republic of China

  15. The Korean War: A “Police Action” (1950-1953) Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

  16. MASH Units

  17. The Suez Crisis: 1956-1957

  18. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

  19. The Hungarian Uprising: 1956 Imre Nagy, HungarianPrime Minister • Promised free elections. • Hungarian Army joined him in overthrowing Communist government only to have the Soviets come in & squash uprising. Nagy later executed by Soviets

  20. Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

  21. NASA (National Aeronauticsand Space Administration The U.S.A. begins to emphasize Science and Mathematics in schools across the country. NASA is launched in order to “catch up” to the Russians

  22. Fidel Castro Becomes Communist Dictator of Cuba

  23. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

  24. Paris, 1961 Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.

  25. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) CheckpointCharlie

  26. Ich bin ein Berliner!(1963) President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them! (& He calls himself a donut)

  27. Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961

  28. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

  29. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  30. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

  31. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  32. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi With U.S. support, begins plans to modernize Iran. This is known as the White Revolution. He will flee the country in exile in 1979

  33. Assassination of J.F.K. • President Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 23, 1963

  34. Vietnam War: 1965-1973

  35. U.S. involvement escalates

  36. The Unpopular War

  37. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

  38. Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty signed by 130 nations

  39. 1972 Summer Olympics 11 Members of the Israeli Olympic team are killed by Islamic terrorists (called Black September) at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Israel responded with Operation Wrath of God.

  40. OPEC Oil Embargo

  41. Camp David Accord

  42. Iranian Hostage Crisis

  43. Four Modernizations of China • agriculture • industry • defense • science & technology

  44. Thawing of the Cold War

  45. Berlin’s Wall Comes Down

  46. Boris Yeltsin

  47. Persian Gulf War

  48. Apartheid Ends inSouth Africa

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