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Eating Disorders

Explore how the hypothalamus regulates appetite, assess anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, manage obesity, and implement treatment modalities. Learn about psychopharmacology and effective nursing interventions.

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Eating Disorders

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  1. Eating Disorders Nursing 202

  2. Introduction • The hypothalamus contains the appetite regulation center within the brain. • It regulates the body’s ability to recognize when it is hungry, when it is not hungry, and when it has been sated. • Eating behaviors are influenced by • Society Culture • Historically, society and culture also have influenced what is considered desirable in the female body.

  3. Anorexia nervosa • Prevalence rate of anorexia nervosa among young women in the United States is approximately 0.5 to 1 percent. Occurs predominantly in females age 12 to 30 years. • Assessment • Predisposing Factors • Nursing Diagnosis • Planning and Implementation • Outcome • Treatment Modalities

  4. Bulimia Nervosa • is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa. • Estimates range from 1 to 3 percent of young women. • Onset of bulimia nervosa occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. • Occurs primarily in societies that emphasize thinness *Excessive vomiting and laxative or diuretic abuse may lead to problems with dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

  5. Bulimia Nervosa • Assessment • Predisposing Factors • Nursing Diagnosis • Planning and Implementation • Outcome • Treatment Modalities

  6. Obesity • Obesity has been defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater. • Approximately 65% of adults are overweight, with 31 percent of these in the obese range.

  7. Assessment • Predisposing Factors • Nursing Diagnosis • Planning and Implementation • Outcome • Treatment Modalities

  8. Treatment Modalities • Behavior Modification • Issues of control are central to the etiology of these disorders. • For the program to be successful, the client must perceive that he or she is in control of the treatment. • Successes have been observed when the client • Is allowed to contract for privileges based on weight gain • Has input into the care plan • Clearly sees what the treatment choices are

  9. Treatment Modalities • The client has control over • Eating • Amount of exercise pursued • Whether to induce vomiting • Staff and client agree about • Goals • System of rewards • The client has a choice whether to • Abide by the contract • Gain weight • Earn the desired privilege

  10. Treatment Modalities • Individual Therapy • Family Therapy • Psychopharmacology

  11. Psychopharmacology • Medications that have been tried with some success: • For anorexia nervosa: • Fluoxetine (Prozac) • Clomipramine (Anafranil) • Cyproheptadine (Periactin) • Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) • Olanzapine (Zyprexa) • For bulimia nervosa: • Fluoxetine (Prozac) • Imipramine (Tofranil) • Desipramine (Norpramine) • Amitriptyline (Elavil) • Nortriptyline (Aventyl) • Phenelzine (Nardil)

  12. Psychopharmacology • For binge-eating disorder with obesity: • Topiramate (Topamax) -For obesity: • Fluoxetine (Prozac) • Sibutramine (Meridia) • Various anorexiants (CNS stimulants)

  13. Questions

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