Waste Battery Recycling Program Ethan Pham. MBA, PhD Student

1. Waste Battery Recycling ProgramEthan Pham. MBA, PhD Student Walden University HUMN-8165-10/PUBH-8165-10 Environmental Health Instructor: Dr, Howard Rubin

2. Agenda Introduction : Environmental hazards of batteries The risk factor to landfills and environmental health Different types of household batteries Mortality and symptoms caused by waste batteries Waste batteries overseas (China) Where and howto recycle your batteries 3 Missions and strategy Conclusion

3. Introduction Americans use nearly 3 billion dry-cell batteries Averages about 32 per family or 10 per person. batteries contain heavy metals: Alkaline/manganese, carbon-zinc, mercuric-oxide, zinc-air, silver-oxide, For button batteries: Lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and potentially nickel-hydrogen Source: Universal Waste – Used Batteries Environmental Fact sheet

4. Different types of household batteries • Most popular household batteries: • Alkaline • Manganese (coppertop alkaline) • AAA, AA, C, D, 6V,9V • Button • Mercuric oxide, Silver Oxide, Lithium Alkaline, Zinc-Air • Sizes are vary

5. Risk factor to landfills and environmental health Lakes, streams, and rivers may be contaminated Heavy metals may leach from solid waste in landfills. Lead and acid exposure to drinking water Corrosive acids may cause burns to eyes or skin

6. What happens with improper waste battery disposal ? The risk of Improper Battery Disposal Cadmium Serious cause cancers The risk of Lead Acid Contamination Animals contaminated with lead metals Lead poisoning infection in children The possible development of lung cancer through the respiratory system Digestive disorders and damages to the skin’s condition

7. Improper Disposal of Waste Batteries in China Lack of Governmental Support Lack of Regulation by corruption Lack of Public Awareness and Participation Lack of human rights and education Lack of Proper Storage and Sorting Facilities Poor technology and resources Lack of Advanced Recycling Techniques Source: APCHW

8. Symptoms caused by Waste Batteries Waste batteries: Mercury poisoning to people Damages the Central Nervous System (CNS) Mortality rate as high as 40% Major hazards of cadmium renal toxicity Causes Itai-itai disease Osteoporosis, rickets, and fractures Source :sooperarticles

9. Federal regulation WAC 173-303-081 A waste will be designated as a dangerous waste and assigned a "P" or "U" code if it is handled in any of the manners described in (e) of this subsection, and if it is a residue from the management of:     (a) A commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate (see definition in WAC 173-303-040) which has the generic name listed in the discarded chemical products list, WAC 173-303-9903;     (b) An off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which if it had met specifications would have the generic name listed in the discarded chemical products list, WAC 173-303-9903;     (c) Any containers, inner liners, or residue remaining in a container or in an inner liner removed from a container that has held any commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate that has, or any off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which if it had met specifications would have, the generic name listed on the "P" or "U" discarded chemical products list of WAC 173-303-9903, unless the containers or inner liners are empty as described in WAC 173-303-160(2);Source: apps

10. EPA Regulation What Are the Waste Management Requirements for Small Quantity Handlers of Universal Waste Batteries? 40 CFR 273.13(a) Source: EPA Regulation

11. Mission 1 • Recycling companies • Must provide retail stores with battery containers • Prove method of the recycling system to Public Environmental Health • Cooperate with local government as needed

12. Mission 2 • Family household members should participate with battery recycling programs. • Save batteries in a safe place • Household members can purchase batteries containers in any local business store. • Drops off batteries at any retail business stores • Promotion recycling batteries by the receipt of extra store refunds or coupons

13. Mission 3 Recycle companies Federal and local government Environmental Health Retails business store Household members • Federal or local government inducements • Deduct tax credits for retail businesses • Monitoring:

14. Conclusions Messages for Environmental of Pubic Health Local states and federal governments Marketing the waste batteries recycling programs in communities On television, newspaper, radio, internet, etc. Expand or rebuild recycling companies for waste batteries. Very important: give small refunds for their participation.

15. Thank you If you can create and sell them successfully follow by the laws The law will make you destroy them accordingly.

16. References Apps(2011)Excluded categories of waste http://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=173-303-071 Dongjie, N. (2000)Recycling of lead-acid battery waste both from mining and other industry. Third Asia-pacific Regional Workshop on Hazardous Waste Management in Mining Industry, APCHW, Beijing, September 4-8-2000 Adeq(2010).Universal Waste - Used Batteries Environmental Factsheet.12/22/2010 Retrieved from http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/ftproot/pub/pa/brochures_online/05_Hazardous%20Waste/Universal%20Waste%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Used%20Batteries.pdf EPA(2011) Batteries http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastetypes/universal/batteries.htm Docstor(2011). Recycling of lead acid battery waste both from mining and other.01/16/2011 retrieved from http://www.docstoc.com/docs/19683816/recycling-of-lead-acid-battery-waste-both-from-mining-and-other. Ehso(2010)Environment, Health and Safety Online.01/12/2011 retrieved from http://www.ehso.com/ehshome/batteries.php