REVIEW 7R Circulatory & Respiratory Systems

1. REVIEW7RCirculatory & Respiratory Systems

2. 1. Which part of the human blood: a. is the most numerous? b. contains a nucleus? c. is produced in the bone marrow? d. consists mainly of water? rbc’s wbc’s rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets plasma

3. white blood cell Y Z red blood cell platelet 2. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.

4. 3. Explain the difference between arteries and veins. • Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. • Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins. • Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. • Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

5. The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary. Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur. 4. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.

6. 5. Identify the structures below. artery aorta left atrium Upper vena cava vein right atrium left ventricle right ventricle

7. valve 6. When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a

8. 7. Describe the function of plasma. • Transports materials (blood cells, hormones, wastes…) 8. Describe the function and shape of red blood cells. • Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen & carbon dioxide

9. 9. What do red blood cells contain? • Hemoglobin (red protein that allows them to carry oxygen)

10. 10. Identify the part of blood being described. a. Most numerous blood cell. • Red blood cells b. Carries many materials such as blood cells and hormones. • plasma c. Involved in blood clotting. • platelets d. Carries oxygen. • Red blood cells

11. 10. Identify the part of blood being described. e. Largest blood cell. • White blood cells f. Made up of 90% water. • plasma g. Involved in blood clotting. • platelets h. Protect the body against disease. • White blood cells

12. 11. What component of blood is important in healing wounds on the skin?   a.  red blood cells   b.  urea   c.  platelets   d.  white blood cells

13. 12

14. 13 14

15. 15. Identify the blood vessels below: Capillaries Arteries Veins

16. 16. Identify the blood vessel described. a. Carry blood towards the heart. • veins b. Thickest blood vessel. • arteries c. Where the diffusion of substances occurs. • capillaries d. Contain valves. • veins

17. 16. Identify the blood vessel described. e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse rate. • arteries f. Thinnest blood vessel • capillaries g. Blood flows through with a lot of pressure. • arteries h. Very elastic. • arteries

18. 17. Explain the function of the circulatory system. Transport materials through the body 18. Describe the four chambers of the heart. right atrium & right ventricle – pump deoxygenated blood from cells to lungs Left atrium & left ventricle – pump oxygenated blood from lungs to cells 19. Explain the importance of valves in the heart. Prevent blood from moving backwards 20. Why is the septum so important? Prevents blood in right and left sides from mixing

19. 21. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to? The lungs 22. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to? To body cells

20. 23.Identify the part of the heart being described. a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood. Left atrium b. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. septum c. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood. Right ventricle

21. 24 upper vena cava aorta artery artery artery vein vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Lower vena cava

22. 25. Which is the correct sequence for the path of oxygen through the respiratory system? Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

23. 26. The tubes that branch from the trachea are the 27. The dome shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the 28. During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the 29. Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called bronchi diaphragm epiglottis bronchioles

24. 30. Explain what happens to gases during gas exchange in the alveoli. Oxygen in alveoli diffuses into capillaries (blood). Carbon dioxide in capillaries (blood) diffuses into alveoli.

25. 31. Where are the vocal cords located in the body? 32.What prevents the trachea from collapsing? 33. Where does the actual exchange of gases occur? 34. During gas exchange where does the oxygen and carbon dioxide go? larynx rings of cartilage alveoli O2 diffuses into capillaries. CO2 diffuses out of capillaries and into alveoli.

26. 35. The ______ is a long straight tube that carries air from the back of the throat to the lungs. trachea

27. 36. What structures trap foreign particles and bacteria in the nose and trachea? • pharynx        • epiglottis      • cilia        • trachea

28. 37. The order of air movement with in the lungs is best described as bronchioles to bronchi to alveoli       bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli trachea to bronchi to alveoli        bronchi to alveoli to bronchioles

29. 38. Where are the vocal cords located in the body? Larynx

30. 39. During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the epiglottis

31. 40. The FIRST branches off the trachea are called bronchi

32. 41. What prevents the trachea from collapsing? rings of cartilage

33. 42. Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called • arterioles          • venules        • capillaries           • bronchioles

34. 43. Inside the alveoli, carbon dioxide and oxygen • are transported along microscopic tubules • are exchanged between air and blood   • are produced inside cells        • are exchanged for other gases

35. 44. Humans breathe more rapidly during exercise than before it because during exercise the blood contains • an increased level of oxygen • a decreased number of red blood cells • an increased level of carbon dioxide • a decreased amount of hemoglobin

36. 45. What happens to each of the following during inhalation? a. Diaphragm b. Rib cage c. Pressure in chest cavity contacts (pulls down) expands decreases

37. 46. What happens to each of the following during exhalation? a. Diaphragm b. Rib cage c. Pressure in chest cavity relaxes (moves up) relaxes increases

42. circulatory It came from the lungs.

43. Oxygen moves from the alveoli (respiratory system) into the capillaries (circulatory) while carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the alveoli.