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Circulatory and Respiratory System. Vocabulary!. Atrium Ventricle Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Valves Pacemaker Capillaries Veins Arteries Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Alveoli diaphragm. The Circulatory System.
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Vocabulary! • Atrium • Ventricle • Pulmonary Circulation • Systemic Circulation • Valves • Pacemaker • Capillaries • Veins • Arteries • Pharynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Alveoli • diaphragm
The Circulatory System • The blood, heart, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system • The lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels form the lymphatic system • The Cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system make up the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The Heart • A muscular organ that pumps blood through a network of blood vessels • Pumps on average more than 2.5 billion times in a lifetime • About the size of your fist • A tough, sac-like membrane surrounds the heart= pericardium
Anatomy of the Heart • The septum (a wall) divides the heart into two sides • Left side pumps blood to the lungs, right side pumps blood to the body • Each side of the heart is broken up into an upper and lower chamber • Upper Chamber=atrium • Lower Chamber= ventricle • Valves are flaps of tissue that open in one direction • The atrioventricular valve (Aortic Valve) on the right is a tricuspid valve • The mitral valve, or bicuspid valve is on the left
Circulation in the Heart—Follow along on your coloring sheets! • Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium • Right atrium sends deoxygenated blood into the right ventricle • Muscles of the right ventricle contract and force the blood into the pulmonary arteries (arteries send blood AWAY from the heart) • The pulmonary artery sends the blood to the lungs where the blood will pick up oxygen • The oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart • The oxygenated blood is then pumped into the left ventricle • Contraction of the muscular walls of the left ventricle force the blood into the largest blood vessel, the AORTA • From the AORTA blood is pumped into all parts of the body
Heart Circulation Video Clip • 4 facts
Circulatory Songs • #1 Mr. Parr • #2 Rap
Control of the Heartbeat • The heart muscles force the heart to contract to move the blood from one chamber to another • The SINOATRIAL NODE (SA) is a group of specialized cells in the right atrium that initiate an electrical impulse (often called the pacemaker) • The electrical impulse reaches the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE in the septum causing the ventricles to contract a fraction of a second later than the atriums…. • With each beat, the respective heart valves close to keep blood from flowing backwards…“lub-dub” heart beat is the sound of the valves closing • If there is a defect or problem with a valve blood can go backwards and is heard as a ‘murmur’
Blood Vessels • ARTERIES are large, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart • Your ARTERIES stretch with each heartbeat (this is your ‘pulse’) • The force that blood exerts against the inside walls of a blood vessel= BLOOD PRESSURE • High blood pressure = HYPERTENSION
Capillaries and Veins • Blood begins in the AORTA, the largest artery • From the AORTA, blood flows through smaller arteries, which then divide into smaller arterioles, and then even tinier capillaries. • Blood flows back to the heart going from capillaries, to venules, to veins, the VENA CAVA, to the heart
Respiratory System • The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM exchanges gases with the cardiovascular system • The LUNGS are the site of the gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood
Path of Air—Follow along on your coloring sheet! • Air is taken in through the mouth and nose, in the nose air is filtered through small hairs and mucous membranes which moisten and warm the air • The air then moves to the throat or PHARYNX • The EPIGLOTTIS is a small flap that covers the opening to the trachea (so you don’t swallow food) • Passing the pharynx, air goes into the TRACHEA (or windpipe) and is lined with cilia to trap particles • Air also passes the LARYNX (or voicebox) at this point • The Trachea breaks into 2 BRONCHI which lead to the 2 lungs • The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes: BRONCHIOLES and finally ALVEOLI, tiny air sacs where the gas exchange occurs
Breathing • INSPIRATION=taking air into the lungs • When you breathe in, your DIAPHRAGM contracts and pushes up, expanding the lungs • When you breathe out—EXPIRATION--, your DIAPHRAGM relaxes • Breathing is controlled by your Nervous System and Brain • FUN FACT—you can’t suffocate yourself by holding your breath!