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Child Development Unit 3

Child Development Unit 3. 3.1 Pregnancy. Signs of Pregnancy. Missing a period Increase of uterus size Enlarged/tender breasts Nausea Increased need to urinate. Prenatal Development. Stage of the zygote(ovum) Lasts two weeks. Stage of the embryo 3 rd -8 th week

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Child Development Unit 3

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  1. Child DevelopmentUnit 3 3.1 Pregnancy

  2. Signs of Pregnancy • Missing a period • Increase of uterus size • Enlarged/tender breasts • Nausea • Increased need to urinate

  3. Prenatal Development • Stage of the zygote(ovum) • Lasts two weeks

  4. Stage of the embryo • 3rd-8th week • Muscles, bones, organs are developed • Baby is enclosed in a fluid-filled pouch called the amniotic sac • The amniotic fluid protects the baby • Tissue connecting the embryo to the uterine wall becomes the placenta

  5. The umbilical cord attaches the embryo to the placenta • Baby gets nutrients through the umbilical cord and placenta and returns waste products back to the mother the same way

  6. Stage of the fetus • 9th – 40th week • Baby rapidly increases in size

  7. Physical Changes of Pregnancy • Pregnancy divided into trimesters – each are 3 months long • 1st trimester – gain 2-4 pounds, sleepy, emotional swings

  8. 2nd trimester – abdomen enlarges, gain about a pound per week • 4th or 5th month begin to feel movements of fetus like flutters which is called quickening • 6th month can see baby kicking • 3rd trimester – gain about a pound per week • Baby drops head down into pelvis which is called lightening

  9. Nausea Tired Frequent urination Shortness of breath Heartburn Muscle cramps Back pain varicose veins Mood swings Common Discomforts

  10. First Medical Exam • Complete medical history • Weight and height

  11. Head-to-toe physical exam • Urine sample • Blood drawn to determine • blood type • if you are anemic (low in iron) • Rh factor: substance present in 85% of poplulations blood • If rh- and partner is rh+ the fetus will be rh+ which will produce a substance that enters the pregnant womans blood and fights the fetal red blood cells

  12. Pelvic exam • Feel and check uterus and vagina • Measure pelvis to make sure large enough to allows baby to pass • Checks cervix and does a pap smear • Estimates due date • 280 days from the beginning of the pregnant woman’t last menstrual period

  13. Under age 17 Over age 35 Underweight Overweight Heart disease diabetes Family history of genetic disorders Rh incompatibility with partner Previous history of pregnancy problems High Risk Pregnancies

  14. Prenatal test • can detect more than 100 birth defects • Ultrasonography – high frequency sound waves are bounced off the developing fetus to produce a video image • Determines skeletal and internal organ birth defects

  15. Amniocentesis – checks for abnormal chromosomes in fetus • Doctor inserts a needled through the wals of the mother’s abdomen and uterus • Doctor withdraws amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the uterus

  16. Chorionic villus sampling – doctor inserts a catheter through the vagina into the uterus • Doctor withdraws small amount of tissue • Done during 10th week of pregnancy • Checks for chromosome abnormalities

  17. Termination • Miscarriage - body expels the embryo/fetus before it can fully develop • Usually something wrong with the baby when this happens • Abortion – removal of fetus • Done during 1st trimester

  18. Vaginal bleeding Swelling of face/hands Severe vomiting Severe headaches Blurred vision Vaginal discharge Fever Painful urination Preterm labor Absence of fetal movement for 6 hour period during 3rd trimester Warning Signs

  19. 3.2 Prenatal Care

  20. A healthy pregnancy • Eat a balanced diet • Keep exercising • Gain about 25-35 pounds

  21. Fetus = 7.5 lbs. Uterus = 2 Placenta = 1.5 Amniotic fluid = 2 Blood volume = 3 Extracellular fluid = 2 Breast tissue = 1 Body fat = 9 Weight Gain

  22. Tobacco Alcohol Caffeine Drugs Prescription medications Sexually transmitted diseases X-rays Dangers to Fetus

  23. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) • High blood pressure • Protein may be detected in urine which is called toxemia or preeclampsia • Rapid weight gain, severe headaches, blurred vision • Can lead to convulsions and coma, which is called eclampsia – can be fatal to mother and baby

  24. 3.3 Birth

  25. Labor • Begins with contractions- tightening and relaxing motions of the muscles of the uterus. They help push baby out. • Cervix dilates – Before labor the cervix is the size of a nickel – and it enlarges to 4 inches (10 cm)

  26. First Signs of Labor • Show – pink discharge which tells you that the mucous plug, which sealed cervix, has become loose • False labor – contractions that do not get stronger

  27. First Signs of Labor cntd. • Progressing contractions – longer, stronger, closer together • Rupture of amniotic sac – amniotic fluid leaks out of vagina. This tells you that the sac surrounding baby has broken

  28. First Stage of Labor • Monitor vital signs with a fetal monitor • Lasts 10-12 hours • How do the contractions progress?

  29. First Stage of Labor • at 1st- every 20—25 minutes and last for 45 seconds • Then – every couple minutes and last for 60 to 90 seconds • At end of 1st stage, dilated to 3 cm

  30. 2nd Stage of labor • Begins when the cervix is fully dilated • Ends when the baby has been pushed out of the birth canal • How long does this stage last? • 45 minutes

  31. 2nd Stage of labor • They say the baby has vernix and lanugo – what is this? • Vernix – white, greasy material, which keeps baby’s skin from absorbing all of the amniotic fluid surrounding it • Lanugo – fine hair covering baby

  32. 3rd stage of Labor • This stage takes about 10 minutes. • What happens? – placenta is delivered. This takes about 10 minutes

  33. So, What happens when the baby is born? • Born head down with face toward moms backbone • The baby’s head crowns • Body rotates to one side – which helps shoulders emerge

  34. Oh no – The baby won’t come out! • Doctors will use forceps – an instrument for reaching into the birth canal and pulling the baby out

  35. What is the baby is breech? • What does breech mean? – baby is born with feet and buttocks appearing first • What can they do to help the baby? – might use forceps to help deliver

  36. Cesarean Birth • Procedure to deliver baby through an opening cut in the mother’s abdominal wall and uterus • 25% of all births in the U.S.

  37. Care of the Neonate • A neonate is a newborn baby. • Baby is given the APGAR

  38. A is for… • Appearance or skin color • Whole body should be pink • If any part of body is blue it loses points

  39. P is for… • Pulse or heart rate • Normal is 100-140 beats per minute • If it is under 100 it loses points

  40. G is for… • Grimace or reflex response • They prick the baby’s heel • It withdraws foot or cries • If it doesn’t it loses points

  41. A is for… • Activity or muscle tone • Should have a strong, active motion

  42. R is for… • Respiration or breathing • Should breath and cry good

  43. They asked if I want my son to be circumcised? • What is this? • Procedure in which the foreskin is cut away from the head of the penis • Purpose is to help prevent infection

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