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FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS

Learn about the Future Circular Collider study at CERN, its goals, and the potential for new discoveries in particle physics. Get updates on the latest research and join the international collaboration. Discover how we can continue pushing the boundaries of our understanding.

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FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS

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  1. FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS join us! http:cern.ch/fcc-ee http://espace2013.cern.ch/fcc/Pages/Science.aspx

  2. 1997-2013 Higgs boson mass cornered(LEP H, MZetc +Tevatron mt , MW) Higgs Boson discovered (LHC) Englert and Higgsget Nobel Prize (c) Sfyrla

  3. Is it the end?

  4. Is it the end? -- Darkmatter -- Baryon Asymmetry in Universe -- Neutrino masses -- and... why are the charges of e and p identical to 21 significant digits? are experimentalproofsthatthereis more to understand. We must continue ourquest

  5. and... at least 3 pieces are stillmissing Since 1998 itisestablishedthat neutrinos have mass and thisveryprobablyimplies new degrees of freedom ... where are the right-handed neutrinos?

  6. somesaythere MUST be new physics at TeVscale

  7. perhaps new world(s) of SM replicas? Extra-dimensions Super Symmetry you Funny Higgses it name

  8. Nima

  9. «Wecanextrapolate to the Planck scale» and «There MUST be new physicsatTeVscale» mutuallyexclusive? There is one way to find out: go look!

  10. Nima At higher masses -- or at smallercouplings?

  11. Design Study of Future Circular Colliders FCC

  12. WhereisEverybody?

  13. Future Circular Collider Study - SCOPE CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2018) • Forming an international collaboration to study: • pp-collider (FCC-hh)  defining infrastructure requirements • e+e-collider (FCC-ee) as potential intermediate step ECM=90-400 GeV • p-e (FCC-he) option • 80-100 km infrastructure in Geneva area ~16 T  100 TeVpp in 100 km ~20 T  100 TeVpp in 80 km Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  14. possible long-term strategy FCC-ee(80-100 km, e+e-, 90-400 GeV Interm. step LEP PSB LHC (26.7 km) HL-LHC PS (0.6 km) SPS (6.9 km) FCC-hh (pp, up to 100 TeVc.m.) Ultimate goal & e± (120 GeV)–p (7, 16 & 50 TeV) collisions FCC-eh) ≥60 years of e+e-, pp, ep/A physics at highest energies

  15. -- On CERN’s 60th birthday -- Future Circular Collider Study Kickoff Meeting

  16. FCC Study Time Line Kick-off, collaboration forming, study plan and organisation Prepare Ph 1: Explore options “weak interaction” Workshop & Reviewidentification of baseline Ph 2: Conceptual study of baseline “strong interact.” Workshop & Review, cost model, LHC results  study re-scoping? Ph 3: Study consolidation Workshop & Review  contents of CDR 4 large FCC Workshops distributed over participating regions Report Release CDR & Workshop on next steps

  17. FCC-hhparameters – starting point Energy 100 TeVc.m. Dipole field ~ 16 T (Nb3Sn), [20 T option HTS] Circumference ~ 100 km #IPs 2 main (tune shift) + 2 Luminosity/IPmain 5x1034 cm-2s-1 Stored beam energy 8.2 GJ/beam Synchrotron radiation 26 W/m/aperture (filling fact. ~78% in arc) Long. emit damping time 0.5 h Bunch spacing 25 ns [5 ns option] Bunch population (25 ns) 1x1011 p Transverse emittance 2.2 micron normalized #bunches 10500 Beam-beam tune shift 0.01 (total) b* 1.1 m (HL-LHC: 0.15 m) already available from SPS for 25 ns Ongoing discussion : shouldwe go to 1036cm-2s-1?

  18. FCC-hh baseline parameters defined in EDMS No. 1342402, FCC-ACC-SPC-0001 - preliminary - Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  19. FCC-hh: some design challenges • Stored beam energy: 8 GJ/beam (0.4 GJ LHC) = 16 GJ total • equivalent to an Airbus A380 (560 t) at full speed (850 km/h) • Collimation, beam loss control, radiation effects: very important • Injection/dumping/beam transfer: very critical operations • Magnet/machine protection: to be considered from early phase

  20. “….an ambitiouspost-LHC accelerator project at CERN” Parameters - choices for initial machine relatively conservative - a few more aggressive choices where cost savings balance the risks --> establishing a credible baseline - potential for evolution in performance - as design process incl R & D proceeds - as planned machine upgrade important parameters for detectors baseline 2014 considered Energy 100 TeV Lumi 5 x 1034 (p-p) up to 5 x 1035(p-p) 3 x 1027 (Pb-Pb) Bunch spacing 25ns 5 ns Pile-up 170 34 - 340 Bunch-length 8 cm increased % circumference filled 80 % L * 46m 38m * 0.8m 0.3m transverse beam size at ip 6.8mm 3mm optimum run time 12 hrs

  21. Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  22. Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  23. FCC-ee (=TLEP) ElectroweakFactory: TeraZ, OkuW, MegaHiggs and Megatops • Acknowledgments to all my FCC-ee colleagues for material and ideas (and hard work)in particular: J.Wenninger, F. Zimmermann, P. Lebrun, E. Jensen, R. Thomas, B. Harer, R. Martin, N. Bacchetta, P. Janot, B. Holzer, H. Burkhardt (CERN) M. Koratzinos (UNIGE), U. Wienands (SLAC) E. Gianfelice (FNAL), M. Boscolo(LNF)A.Bogomyagkov, I. Koop, E. Levichev, D. Shatilov, I. Telnov (BINP Novosibirsk) K. Ohmi, K. Oide (KEK) ... ...

  24. Original motivation (end 2011): nowthatm_H and m_top are known, explore EW regionwith a high precision, affordable, high luminosity machine  Discovery of New Physics in rare phenomena or precisionmeasurements ILC studies needincrease over LEP 2 (average) luminosity by a factor 1000 How can one do thatwithoutexploding the power bill? Answeris in the B-factory design: a low vertical emittance ring with higherintrinsicluminosity, and small*y (1mm vs 5cm at LEP) Electrons and positrons have a muchhigher chance of interacting  muchshorterlifetime (few minutes)  top up continuouslywith booster ==>increase operation efficiency Increase SR beam power to 50MW/beam 50 5 4 1000 at ZH threshold in LEP/LHC tunnel X 4 in FCC tunnel X 4 interaction points EXCITING!

  25. Toping up ensures constant current, settings, etc... and greaterreproducibility of system LEP2 in 2000 (12th year!): fastest possible turnaround but averageluminosity ~ 0.2 peakluminosity B factory in 2006 withtoping up average luminosity ≈ peak luminosity

  26. Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  27. Overlapp in Higgs/top region, but differences and complementarities betweenlinear and circular machines

  28. TLEP: PARAMETERS & STATISTICS(e+e- -> ZH, e+e- →W+W-, e+e- →Z,[e+e-→t ) at the Z pole repeat the LEP physics programme in a few minutes…

  29. PUBLISHED

  30. First look at the physics case of TLEP, arXiv:1308.6176v3 scoped the precisionmeasurements: -- Model independentHiggscouplings and invisible width -- Z mass (0.1 MeV), W mass (0.5 MeV) top mass (~10 MeV), sin2Weff , Rb , N etc...  powerful exploration of new physicswith EW couplings up to very high masses  importance of luminosity and Ebeam calibration by beamdepolarization up to W pair So far: simulations with CMS detector (Higgs) -- or «just» paperstudies. Snapshot of noveltiesappeared in recent workshops Higherluminosity prospects at W, Z withcrab-waist  sensitivity to right handed (sterile) neutrinos  s-channele+e-  H(125.2) production almost possible (  monochromators?)  rare Higgs Z W and top decays, FCNCs etc...  discoverypotential for verysmallcouplings  precisioneventgenerators(Jadach et al) Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders http://cern.ch/FCC-ee

  31. Higgsfactory (constrained fit including ‘exotic’) 4 IPs (2 IPs) 2 106 ZH events in 5 years «A taggedHiggsbeam». sensitive to new physics in loops incl. invisible = (darkmatter?) A big challenge, but unique: Higgs s-channel production at s = mH 104events per year. Verydifficultbecausehuge background and beamenergy spread ~ 10 x H limits or signal? monochromators? Aleksan, D’Enterria, Woijcik <1% 28% 13%  total width HHH (best at FCC-hh) Htt(best at FCC-hh) from HZ thresh from tt thresh

  32. because of LuminosityFCC-ee (in combinationwith HL-LHC nd/or FCC-hh) is a verypowerfulHiggsFactory, but.... FCC-eeis MUCH more than a HiggsFactory!

  33. TERA-Z, Oku-W, Megatops Precision tests of the closure of the Standard Model

  34. Z pole ssymmetries, lineshape WW threshold scan tt threshold scan - • TLEP : Repeat the LEP1 physics programme every 15 mn • Transverse polarization up to the WW threshold • Exquisite beam energy determination (10 keV) • Longitudinal polarization at the Z pole • Measure sin2θW to 2.10-6 from ALR • Statistics, statistics: 1010 tau pairs, 1011 bb pairs, QCD and QED studies etc… Frank Simon Precision tests of EWSB Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  35. Beampolarization and E-calibration @ FCC-ee Precisemeast of Ebeam by resonantdepolarization ~100 keVeach time the meastismade At LEP transverse polarizationwasachievedroutinelyat Z peak. instrumental in 10-3measurement of the Z width in 1993 led to prediction of top quark mass (179+- 20 GeV) in March 1994 Polarization in collisions wasobserved(40% at BBTS = 0.04) At LEP beamenergyspreaddestroyedpolarizationabove 60 GeV E  E2/ At FCC-ee transverse polarization up to at least 80 GeV to go to muchhigherenergiesrequiresspin rotators and siberiansnake FCC-ee: use ‘single’ bunches to measure the beamenergycontinuously no interpolation errors due to tides, ground motion or trains etc… but saw-toothing must bewellunderstood! requireWigglers to speed up pol. time << 100 keVbeamenergy calibration around Z peak and W pair threshold. mZ~0.1 MeV, Z ~0.1 MeV, mW ~ 0.5 MeV

  36. Example (fromLangacker& ErlerPDG 2011) ρ=1=(MZ) . T 3=4 sin2θW (MZ) . S ρtoday= 0.0004+0.0003−0.0004 -- is consistent with 0 at 1 -- is sensitive to non-conventionalHiggs bosons (e.g. in SU(2) triplet with ‘funnyv.e.v.s) -- is sensitive to Isospin violation such as mt  mb or ibid for stop-sbottom Most e.g. SUSYmodels have thesesymmetries embeddedfrom the start Presentmeasurementimplies Similarly:

  37. best-of ee-FCC/TLEP #2: Precision EW measts Asset: -- high luminosity (1012 Z decays + 108 Wpairs + 106 top pairs ) -- exquisteenergy calibration up and above WW threshold targetprecisions Also -- sin2 W10-6 -- S= 0.0001 from W and Z hadronicwidths -- orders of magnitude on FCNCs and rare decaysetc. etc. Design study to establishpossibility of correspondingprecisiontheoreticalcalculations.

  38. best-of ee-FCC/TLEP #2: Precision EW measts Asset: -- high luminosity (1012 Z decays + 108 Wpairs + 106 top pairs ) -- exquisteenergy calibration up and above WW threshold targetprecisions Also -- sin2 W10-6 -- S= 0.0001 from W and Z hadronicwidths -- orders of magnitude on FCNCs and rare decaysetc. etc. Design study to establishpossibility of correspondingprecisiontheoreticalcalculations.

  39. A Sample of Essential Quantities: Alain Blondel FCC Future Circular Colliders

  40. Rare decays -- FCNC: Z e +  Z   +  -- Heavy neutrinos (theymustbesomewhere!) neutrino counting and search for explicit Z v-N (with N-> vX or eX’ and possiblydisplayedvertices) -- other final states with single or double photons and jets -- flavourphysics... -- and manyothers (Z  etc) -- How far can one go with 1012 or 1013 Z decays?

  41. Nima

  42. Nima At higher masses -- or at smallercouplings?

  43. THE STANDARD MODEL IS COMPLETE ..... but... at least 3 pieces are stillmissing! neutrinos have mass... and thisveryprobablyimplies new degrees of freedom  Right-Handed, Almost «Sterile» (verysmallcouplings) Neutrinos completelyunknown masses (meVto ZeV), nearlyimpossile to find. .... but couldperhapsexplain all: DM, BAU,-masses

  44. Electroweakeigenstates Q= -1 R R R L L L Q= 0 R R R I = 0 I = 1/2 Right handed neutrinos are singlets no weak interaction no EM interaction no strong interaction can’tproducethem can’tdetectthem -- sowhat? --

  45. Mass eigenstates See-saw in a generalway : MR 0 mD  0 Dirac + Majorana mass terms see-saw MR 0 mD  0 Dirac + Majorana L NR R NL ½ 0 ½ 0 4 states , 2 mass levels MR = 0 mD  0 Dirac only, (like e- vs e+): L R R L ½ 0 ½ 0 4 states of equal masses MR 0 mD = 0 Majoranaonly L R ½ ½ 2 states of equal masses m m m Iweak= Iweak= Iweak= Some have I=1/2 (active) Some have I=0 (sterile) All have I=1/2 (active) m1 have I=1/2 (~active) m2 have I=0 (~sterile)

  46. There evenexists a scenario thatexplainseverything: the MSM Shaposhnikovet al TeV cangenerate Baryon Asymmetry of Universe if mN2,N3 > 140 MeV N2, N3 GeV MeV constrained: mass: 1-50 keV mixing : 10-7 to 10-13 N1 keV decay time: N1 > Universe eV 3 2 meV N1 v  may have been seen: arxiv:1402:2301 arxiv:1402.4119 1 (or not)

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