Sensory Mechanisms

1. Sensory Mechanisms

2. Sensory receptors and the brain Sensation Perception • Action potentials transmitted by sensory receptors to the brain • Sensory receptors • Specialized neurons/epithelial cells • Extero- and interoreceptors • Convert energy to changes in membrane potentials and transmit to brain • Four functions: transduction, amplification, transmission, and integration • Interpretation of the stimuli by the brain • Ex. colors, taste, sound, smell

3. 1. Follow the movement of the rotating pink dot with your eyes.2. Stare at the cross in the center.3. Concentrate on the cross at the center for a long period of time.

4. Is the blue side in the front or back of the cube?

5. Types of sensory receptors

6. * All have pigment molecules that absorb light Vision and photoreceptors

7. Sclera Choroid Retina with rods and cones Ciliary body Fovea (centerof visual field, most cones) Suspensoryligament Cornea Iris Opticnerve Pupil Aqueoushumor Lens Vitreous humor Central artery and vein of the retina Optic disk(blind spot) Structure of the human eye

8. Ciliatedreceptor cells Cilia Statolith Tympanicmembrane 1 mm Sensory nerve fibers Hearing and equilibrium in invertebrates Statocysts in invertebrates

9. 1 2 Overview of ear structure The middle ear and inner ear Incus Semicircularcanals Skullbones Stapes Middleear Outer ear Inner ear Malleus Auditory nerve,to brain Pinna Tympanicmembrane Cochlea Eustachian tube Auditory canal Ovalwindow Eustachian tube Tympanicmembrane Tectorialmembrane Hair cells Roundwindow Cochlear duct Bone Vestibular canal Auditory nerve Axons of sensory neurons Basilarmembrane To auditorynerve Tympanic canal Organ of Corti 4 3 The organ of Corti The cochlea Hearing and equilibrium in mammals

10. Chemoreceptors and taste Sensilla in insects Taste buds in mammals

11. Brain Action potentials Odorant Olfactory bulb Nasal cavity Bone Epithelial cell Odorantreceptors Chemoreceptor Plasmamembrane Cilia Odorant Mucus Chemoreceptors and smell