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Chapter 17 Sexual Coercion. Types of Rape. Stranger rape Acquaintance rape Date rape Statutory rape. Prevalence of Rape. 11.9%-28% depending on study 1 in 6 women, 3% of men Underreported for many reasons Victim’s self-blame or denial Mistrust of police, legal system
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Types of Rape • Stranger rape • Acquaintance rape • Date rape • Statutory rape
Prevalence of Rape • 11.9%-28% depending on study • 1 in 6 women, 3% of men • Underreported for many reasons • Victim’s self-blame or denial • Mistrust of police, legal system • Fear of retaliation from rapist • Concern about publicity
False Beliefs About Rape • “Women can’t be raped if they don’t want to be” • “Women say no when they mean yes” • “Many women ‘cry rape’” • “All women want to be raped” • “Rapists are obviously mentally ill” • “Men can’t control their sexual urges”
Psychosocial Bases of Rape • Rape frequency influenced by the nature of relations between the sexes • Status of women • Boy’s attitudes • Rape-prone societies • Societies with no rape • Stereotyped gender roles • Peer group acceptance
Characteristics of Rapists • Embrace male-dominance • Anger toward women • Alcohol may contribute • Self-centered; less sensitive • History of progressively more violent sexual offenses
Acquaintance Rape:Role of Perceptions & Communication • Sexual scripts • Misinterpretations & double messages • Nonverbal communication • Justification
Aftermath of Rape • Initial feelings of shame, anger, fear, guilt, powerlessness • Self-blame • Physical symptoms frequently occur • Impaired sexual functioning • PTSD; distress developed after trauma • Less severe repercussions if counseling begun ASAP
Sexual Abuse of Children • Child-sexual abuse: adult sexual contact with a child • Sexual contact with a child is always coercive because children cannot give informed consent • Incest: with a relative • Pedophilia or molestation: with a non-relative
Sexual Abuse of Children • Prevalence • Girls 20-33% • Boys 9-16% • Brother-sister & first cousin incest is most common • Father-daughter reported more & has greater negative impact