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Classification

Classification.

jana-joseph
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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Suppose you had only 10 minutes to run into a supermarket to get what you needed. Could you do it? In most supermarkets this would be an easy task. You would probably head straight to the area where the items were located. But what if you had to shop for the same items in a market where things were randomly placed throughout the store. Where would you begin? You would have to search through a lot of things before you found what you needed! You could be there for a long time!

  3. Classification – putting things into groups based on similar characteristics • Make sense out of a chaotic natural world • Easier to find information • Identify relationships Why Classify?

  4. Biologist organize living things into categories • Taxonomy - the science of identifying and classifying organisms

  5. We Use Classification Every Day! • Classify our clothes – (hopefully they are not all mixed together in a big pile on your bedroom floor) • Classify our dishes – (bowls, plates, spoons, forks, cups) • Classify our food – (how did you know where to find the cereal this morning?)

  6. Classifying • 1 group • 2 groups • 3 groups • 4 groups • 5 groups

  7. Early Classification • Aristotle – 4th century B.C. • Classification based on – where animals lived Land Water Air

  8. Problems • Some animals fit into more than one group

  9. Early Classification • Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) - Swedish biologist in early 1700’s • Classification based on – shape and structure “The father of modern taxonomy”

  10. Carolus Linnaeus Two important contributions Hierarchical Classification Binomial Nomenclature Grouping organisms Naming organisms

  11. Hierarchical Classification – ranked from more general to more specific More General Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species More Specific

  12. At each level – the organisms become more closely related

  13. Remembering Hierarchical Classification - mnemonics Kingdom King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  14. Practice using Hierarchical classification The more levels you share with others, the more you have in common

  15. Practice using Hierarchical classification • Classify your closet into K,P,C,O,F,G,S

  16. Naming Organisms • Scientific name – a name that remains the same in the biological world Why not use common names?

  17. Names are often not physically accurate Silverfish Seahorse

  18. Names differ in other countries/languages Sweden - groda Africa - padda Russia - zhaba Italy - rana “FROG”

  19. Many names may apply to the same creature Mt. Lion Puma Cougar

  20. One name may apply to several different creatures European robin American robin

  21. Names are written in Latin In the Middle Ages, Latin became the accepted language of the scholar and scientist

  22. Why Latin? • Latin is a “dead” language It is no longer spoken as a national or even regional language anywhere in the world. Because of this, Latin words do not change so the pure Latin is not be corrupted by developing slang words from it “bruisecruise,” “shingrater,” and “stonesoup” just some of the over 300 slang terms used to describe the same exact thing – crashing on a skateboard

  23. Why Latin? • Latin need not be translated No matter what language you speak, the Latin scientific name is left as it is instead of using the common name

  24. Polynomial • used many words to describe the organism Catnip "Nepetafloribusinterruptespicatuspendunculatis" (Nepeta with flowers in an interrupted pedunculated spike).

  25. Honey bee Apis, pubescens, thoracesubgriseo, abdominefusco, pedibusposticisglabrisutrinquemargine ciliates 12 words long!

  26. Name for humans… • “hairy on top, bare on the bottom of the walking surfaces, bipedal, eyes forward with binocular vision, opposable thumbs, no wings, no feathers, capable of rational thought and the capacity to love.”

  27. Binomial nomenclature • two part scientific name The scientific name for the Asian elephant is Elephasmaximus

  28. Rules for writing scientific names Kingdom 1. Use the genus and species Phylum Class Order Family Elephas Genus maximus Species

  29. Rules for writing scientific names 2. Genus is first • It is always capitalized 3. Species is second • It is always lower case 4. Both words are italicized or underlined

  30. Example • UrsusarctosorUrsusarctos

  31. The Mushroom Coral • Phylum Cnidaria • Class Anthozoa • Order Scleractinia • Family Fungiidae • Genus Fungia • Species scutaria

  32. Practice using binomial nomenclature • Remember that binomial nomenclature is a two-name naming system…kind of like a first and a last name. MaIiaKunde individual or species The group I belong to or genus Kunde malia Kundemalia

  33. Practice using binomial nomenclature • Which of these names is written correctly in binomial nomenclature? A. felisdomesticus B. FelisDomesticus C. Felisdomesticus D. felisDomesticus

  34. What does a third name mean? • Subspecies tiger species is Pantheratigris Bengal tiger is Pantheratigristigris Siberian tiger is Pantheratigrisaltaica • Person who discovered it Strigiphilusarisgarylarsoni

  35. Abbreviating • Use the Capital letter of the Genus • Example: E. coli or T. rex

  36. Heterotrophic Eubacteria

  37. Cyanobacteria

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