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Key Figures Wrap-up!

Key Figures Wrap-up!. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Key Problem Understanding the social forces that produce social order and disorder. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Key Concepts Social Facts ( They exist! ) outside the individual, observable Division of Labor

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Key Figures Wrap-up!

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  1. Key Figures Wrap-up!

  2. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

  3. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) • Key Problem • Understanding the social forces that produce social order and disorder

  4. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) • Key Concepts • Social Facts (They exist!) • outside the individual, observable • Division of Labor • Mechanical Solidarity vs. Organic Solidarity • Mechanical = more traditional, shared values, no division of labor • Organic = more modern, high division of labor, more integrated society, vast differences of opinion • Anomie • Normlessness = condition of society in which people become detached from the norms that usually guide behavior

  5. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) • Key Works • The Division of Labor in Society (1893) • Suicide (1897) • Importance of social integration • Demonstrated the social roots of personal acts • Illustrates value of scientific sociological analysis • The Rules of Sociological Method (1901) • Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912)

  6. Karl Marx (1818-1883)

  7. Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Key Problem • Understanding how the economic system of capitalism affects society and its people

  8. Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Key Concepts • Historical Materialism • The development of societies is shaped by the ways humans produce life’s necessities • Class Struggle • By its nature, capitalist society is contentious; conflict between workers (proletariat) and owners/capitalists (bourgeoisie) • Surplus Value • The difference between what someone makes off your labor and what they pay you • False Consciousness • Workers’ acceptance and defense of the capitalist system

  9. Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Key Works • The Communist Manifesto (1848) • Capital

  10. Max Weber (1864-1920)

  11. Max Weber (1864-1920) • Key Problems • Effects of Rationality on Modern Society • Response to Marx’s Economic Emphasis • Not simply economics that produce reality, you need culture too

  12. Max Weber (1864-1920) • Key Concepts • Rationalization • Oriented toward science, calculated, measured, controlled • Rational vs. non-rational—capitalism is highly rational • All this rationality eliminates the human component • Bureaucracy • Modern society is oppressive, increasingly bureaucratic because increasingly rational

  13. Max Weber (1864-1920) • Key Works • Economy and Society • The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905) • Cultural and religious roots to modern capitalism • Salvation in a “calling” • The “iron cage” of capitalism—you can’t opt out!

  14. MOVING ON!

  15. TheoreticalSociological Paradigms

  16. Three Theoretical Paradigms • Structural Functionalism • Society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society’s equilibrium • Conflict Theory • Society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for resources • Symbolic Interactionism • Society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another

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