WITHDRAWN OF CHILD LABOR THROUGH EDUCATION FUTURE WITHOUT CHILD LABOR

1. WITHDRAWN OF CHILD LABOR THROUGH EDUCATIONFUTURE WITHOUT CHILD LABOR Winarti “Wowong” Sukaesih The Indonesian Child Welfare Foundation (ICWF) IFCW WorldForum 2011 – Melbourne, Australia

2. WHAT IS CHILD LABOR? • Children: those under age of 18 years • Child work ( working children): a broad concept that encompasses most productive activities undertaken by children – economically active children • Child labor ( child laborers) includes only those economic activities that deny a child the possibility of normal development into a responsible adult – 2.7 M • Worst Forms of Child Labor: a sub set of child labor as defined by ILO Convention 182: absolute worst forms of child labor and hazardous child labor

3. Brick factory Off shore fishery Gold mining Shoes factory

4. Domestic worker Child labor in garbage dump area

5. Child prostitution Child / baby trafficking

6. Drugs trafficking Street children In arm conflict Sea diver

7. CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR

8. CHILD LABOR AND POVERTY Child Labour EDUCATION To break the cycle !! Poverty

9. 17,504 islands, 75 % sea. Population: 237 m (children almost 100 m) 3 time zones Los Angeles New York Ankara London

10. WE FAIL TO KEEP OUR CHILDREN IN SCHOOL • 7% of children age 6-12 are not in school annually • Over 65% of children are not in school anymore annually when they reach 13 years old • Over 70% of children are not in school anymore annually when they reach 15 years old Source: National Program for Indonesian Children 2015 (Bappenas, 2005)

11. EDUCATION LEVEL NATIONAL COLLEGE GRADUATE NEVER IN SCHOOL COMPLETED SHS DID NOT COMPLETE ES 21.87% COMPLETED JHS COMPLETED ES Source: Sardjunani (Bappenas, 2005)

12. REASONS TO WORK • Poverty • Why Schooling? No Short Or Long Term Benefits? • Aspiring Higher Level Of Life Styles • Fulfilling Obligation To Parents/ Family • Helping Parents Earn Livelihood • Helping Other Children In The Family (Sacrificing Oneself For Others) • Avoiding Arranged Marriage • No Other Means To Survive

13. CONDITION OF CHILD LABOR • Malnutrition of children -> lunch inadequate, no breakfast (most of the time) • Tired (Physically and mentally)  long distance to workplace, hard work, long hour • Drop out of school for years, at least 1 or 2 years • Education is not important, no dream

14. CONDITION OF SERVICE PROVIDER • Tutor does not have strong commitment – small fee, student has many problems, no cooperation. • Material too complicated • Methods boring and limited time • Lack of learning facilities

15. SCHOOLS CONDITION

16. RECOMMENDATION • Open – Flexi time school • Special material – modified from the regular material - Focus: Math, language, values, life-skills, vocational • Methods: • Role Play, Discussion, sharing experience, games • Distance learning, using IT (not exist)

17. COMMITMENT • Need to solve the problem seriously • Mechanism, need resources, comprehensive, professional, long term • Commitment of Central Government and Local government • 5 year program • Design new program – meets the need • Executor: committee Central and province level

18. PROGRAM • Title: Withdrawn of Child Labor to support Conditional Cash Transfer program (2009 – 2014). Pilot project in 2008 • Committee: Central Government, Local Government, NGOs. Leading Sector: Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration – ILO Convention no. 138 and 182 (minimum age and worst form of child labor) • Target Group: 7 – 18 years old (worst form of child labor, working children, drop out of school) whose parents are beneficiaries of conditional cash transfer program – very poor household

20. CHALLENGES • Survey /data – children are mobile – work • Personnel (soc. Worker and tutor) – hard to find in some areas • Training for social worker - essential • Data verification – door to door meet children and parents • In shelter, bridging course (1 month) – very dynamic • Register children to school – limited time, limited school around. Children go back to school (formal and non formal or vocational school) • Monitoring and evaluation – remote areas, time and energy consuming

21. Children Back to School

22. Daily activities: learning and playing

23. Music and dancing

24. Tutorial for children facilitated by Social Worker and Volunteer

25. Discussions amongst children (Social Worker as a facilitator)

26. Discussions amongst youth

27. Outbound Activities

28. Meeting to develop organization of community radio and radio on air

29. Participants of Package “A” Equivalent to Elementary School Participants of Package “B” Grade 1 Equivalent to Junior High School

30. Participants of Package “B” Grade 2 Equivalent to Junior High School Participants of Package “B” Grade 3 Equivalent to Junior High School

31. Participants of Package “C” Grade 2 Equivalent to Senior High School Participants of Package “C” Grade 3 Equivalent to Senior High School

32. Regular Discussion. The topic is worst form on child labor in Indonesia

33. “SEWING” COURSE

34. “EMBROIDERY” COURSE

35. “BEADS” COURSE

36. “CORN FLOWER ” HANDICRAFT COURSE

38. “SHELL” HANDICRAFT COURSE

39. “SOUVENIR” HANDICRAFT COURSE

40. CONCLUSION • Every child wants to go to school, and the family will support the child to go to school, only they do not know what to do. • Poor family busy with earning money. No skills and low education make their live is miserable, can not adjust with the situation • A child is an asset to help family in earning money. The child is also willing to help family by not continuing education and find a job

41. CONCLUSION • Compulsory education 6 – 9 year (dependent on the regency capacity) which is launched can not succeed automatically without guidance to poor people to access to education. Need adequate approach to solve problem • Mentoring or guiding poor people need to be done by “professional” social worker

42. CONCLUSION • Training people to be a “professional” social worker in order that they can help and guide family (parents education) to protect children to become child labor and relates parents and school • The committee of WFCL which consists of government from different sector and NGOs working together in this program is a good experience for both government and NGO people

43. NEXT AGENDA • The program is supervised by Vice President office. This program is considered good, so for 2012, the number of children will be 11.000 ( 3 times than 2011) . • 1000 social worker to be trained and to work with parents and community – Role of NGOs in training Social Worker • Evaluation of program after 3 years – compulsory education and poverty alleviation.

44. TERIMA KASIH THANK YOU