1 / 38

The Protists

The Protists. 5.5. Classification. Original Classification “Any simple eukaryotic cell that lacked multicellular structure or cell specialization” Aka the nobodies Kingdom Protista Subgroups Algae - protists that photosynthesize Protozoan - protists that do not photosynthesize.

jane
Download Presentation

The Protists

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. TheProtists 5.5

  2. Classification • Original Classification • “Any simple eukaryotic cell that lacked multicellular structure or cell specialization” • Aka the nobodies • Kingdom Protista • Subgroups • Algae- protists that photosynthesize • Protozoan- protists that do not photosynthesize

  3. NewerClassification • Protists do not have one common ancestor • Many new classification strategies based on DNA • Otherwise a giant polyphyletic group • Many unrelated organisms simply “dumped together”

  4. Whoisaprotist? • Scientists still use the word “protist” for • A non-fungi, non-animal, non-plant eukaryote • The Nobodies!

  5. Whatarealgae? • “Algae” specifically are • Eukaryotic organisms, both unicellular and colonial, that carry out photosynthesis with chlorophyll a • “PLANT-LIKE”

  6. Protozoa • “Protozoa” specifically are: • Unicellular eukaryotic organisms that lack tissue and share similarities in cell structure, nutrition, life-cycles, and biochemistry • “ANIMAL-LIKE”

  7. Algae • Algae: Photosynthetic Protists • EX: Seaweed, kelp • Size range: µm to 100m long! • Can be unicellular, colonial, or filamentous • Can have tissues and simple organs • ALL HAVE CHLOROPLASTS!

  8. Algae • More algae examples • Plankton • Important in aquatic food web • Major microscopic oxygen producers

  9. Disease • Algae are rarely pathogenic • Exception: Prototheca—no photosynthetic algae that causes subcutaneous infections

  10. Classification • Classification of Algae • Euglenophyta (euglenids) • Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates) • Crysophyta (diatoms or golden brown algae) • Phaeophyta (brown algae—kelps) • Rhodophyta (red seaweed) • Chlorophyta (green algae, grouped with plants)

  11. Euglenophyta • Chlorophylls a & b • Freshwater • No cell wall, but pellicle • Heterotrophic • Unicellular • Flagellated

  12. Pyrrophyta • Chlorophyll and Carotenoids • Marine • Cellulose CW • Mostly PS • Unicellular • Two flagella (dinoflagellates)

  13. Pyrrophyta • Algal medical threats • Food poisoning from dinoflagellate toxins • “Red tide” • Animals feed on algae—bioaccumulation occurs • As we go up food chain, toxin becomes more concentrated • Paralytic Shellfish poisoning—can be fatal • Cooking does not prevent it • There is no treatment!

  14. Crysophyta • Chlorophyll , B-carotene, and fucoxanthin • Freshwater & marine • Silicon dioxide CW • Photosynthetic • Unicellular or colonial • No flagella

  15. Crysophyta • More algae examples • Diatoms (Ms. Lichtenwalner’s FAV♥RITE!) • Cell walls made of silica (glass-like) • Gold pigments in chloroplasts

  16. Phaeophyta • Chlorophyll, carotenoids, fucoxanthin • Marine • Cellulose and alginic acid CW • Photosynthetic • Multicellular • No flagella

  17. Rhodophtya • Chlorophyll, phycobilin • Mostly marine • Cellulose CW • Photosynthetic • Multicellular • No flagella

  18. Chlorophyta • Chlorophyll • Freshwater • Cellulose CW • Photosynthetic • Multi, Uni, Colonial • Can have flagella • *LINK TO PLANTS OF TODAY*

  19. Protozoa • Protozoa: “First Animals” • Mostly harmless, some parasitic • Contain major organelles (NO chloroplast) • Nucleus • RER • Golgi Apparatus • SER • Lysosome • Cytoplasm • …

  20. MAKE THESE LAB NOTES!

  21. Protozoa • Protozoa also have highly specialized organelles for… • Feeding • Reproduction • Locomotion • No cell wall, very flexible • 3-300 µm

  22. Protozoa • Locomotion • Most move by pseudopods (“false foot”), cilia, or flagella • Pseudopods are used for both movement and nutrition • Flagella-1 to several present, attached by CM extension • Cilia- evenly distributed over membrane

  23. Protozoa • General Life Cycles and Reproduction • Motile feeding stage called a trophozoite • Many can form a dormant cyst • Normally simple, asexual reproduction (mitosis) • Ciliates have conjugation (sexual)

  24. Protozoa • PUT IN SCANNED 5.27 FROM HOME

  25. Protozoan Classification • Classified into 4 phyla • Mastigophora (aka zoomastigophora) • Sarcodina (aka amoebas) • Ciliophora (aka ciliates) • Apicomplexa (aka sporozoa)

  26. Mastigophora • Flagella • 1 nucleus • Sexual Reproduction • Parasitic and Free-living • Mostly solitary • Examples: Trypanosoma, Leismania, Giardia, Trichomonas

  27. PERANEMA EURODINA CHILOMONAS EUGLENA VOLVOX

  28. Sarcodina • Pseudopods (Amoeba shape) • Asexual reproduction • 1 nucleus • Mostly free-living • Unicellular • Examples: Foramifera, Radiolaria, Entamoeba, Amoeba proteus

  29. Difflugia Amoeba proteus Actinosphaerium Arcella Entamoeba

  30. Ciliophora • Cilia for movement • Sexual Reproduction (conjugation) • Two nuclei—macro and micro • Definite mouth and feeding organelle • Free-living • Examples: Vorticella, Stentor, Epistylis, Paramecium

  31. EPISTYLIS VORTICELLA PARAMECIUM

  32. Apicomplexa • Motility is pretty much absent • Asexual and sexual reproduction • Sporozoites important in disease • All parasites • Examples: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium

  33. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM TOXOPLASMA GIARDIA

  34. Protozoan Diseases • Trypanosomes: African Sleeping Sickness and Chagas disease • Entamoeba: Amebic dysentery

More Related