THE UNITED KINGDOM Aims of presentation:

1. THE UNITED KINGDOM Aims of presentation: • To introduce new material in an effective way and in an interesting context • To make the meaning vocabulary items and language forms as clear as possible • To provide opportunities to use English for speaking • To give pupils an opportunity in creating his own material on topic

2. THE UNITED KINGDOM Blazon

3. LOOK AT THE MAP 1.What are the two large islands that lie to the north-west of Europe? They are British Islands :Great Britain and Ireland. 2.What other country is situated on the British Isles? Ireland is. 3. What are the countries of the United Kingdom ? The countries are : England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4. What are water bodies that separate Britain from continent? The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. 5. What is the UK washed by? The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.

5. The Union Jack It is the flag of the United Kingdom. It is made up of three crosses

6. Its Location

7. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political union of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is not a federation but a unitary state, and its inhabitants elect members to represent them in a parliament that meets in London. Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, however, retain autonomy in running some of their own affairs. Af‘fair-дело

8. Constitution The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution like that of the United States. The British constitution is formed partly by statutes, or legislative enactments of Parliament; partly by common law, based on decisions of courts of law; and partly by practices and precepts, which are known as conventions. These conventions are not part of the law of the country but are nevertheless necessary for running the machinery of government. Because the constitution is not written, it can be adapted as necessary either by an act of Parliament or by the general acceptance of a new convention. There are three organs of government in the constitution: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature consists of Parliament, which is the supreme authority in the country. The executive consists of the Cabinet members and other ministers who make and direct the policy of the country, along with government departments and local authorities. The judiciary determines common law and also interprets statutes.

9. Since 1952, the sovereign of the United Kingdom has been Queen Elizabeth II. In effect the United Kingdom is governed by her majesty's government in the queen's name. The queen still has several significant functions. She calls and dissolves Parliament, and she opens a new session with a speech from the throne. This speech is not written by her, however, but by the government in power, and it outlines the government's policy for the forthcoming session of Parliament. Britain's Queen Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip

10. Northern Ireland The northeastern part of the island of Ireland is occupied by, a part of the United Kingdom. It covers only one sixth of the total area of the island but has about one third of the population. The rest of the island is occupied by the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland is sometimes called Ulster because it includes six of the nine counties that made up the early Celtic kingdom, or province, of Ulster. The cultural links of most of the people of Northern Ireland with Scotland and England are quite strong, while a large share of the population has closer familial ties with the Republic of Ireland.

11. The capital and largest city is Belfast, a seaport on the east coast with a population of about 300,000. Belfast has large shipbuilding, aircraft and aerospace, and automobile industries. It also makes textile, marine, and mining machinery; rope and twine; and cotton textiles

12. Northern Ireland • Parliament House • at Stormont, east of Belfast.

13. Queen's University is the oldest university in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

14. Wales One of the countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wales has retained a character of its own—the result of the Celtic culture of its people and its landscape of hills and small mountains. Although much of Wales is still a land of picturesque mountains and valleys, the existence of large coalfields in the south of the country brought industry and urbanization, much of which had a profound impact on the country's vistas.

15. WaleWales Blue mountains CastleChepstow. Founded in 1067.

16. The capital and largest city in Wales is Cardiff, with more than 300,000 inhabitants in the early 21st century . Other large cities are Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, and Newport.

17. Scotland • In 1707, however, Scotland was joined to England, and the entire island became a single kingdom, the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scots, however, remain a distinct people with a long history substantially different from that of England.

18. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh Edinburgh Castle is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions.

19. The nation of Scotland occupies the northern part of the island of Great Britain. Ships that serve oil platforms in the North Sea dock in the port at Aberdeen, Scotland. The United Kingdom's oil industry is centered in Aberdeen.

20. England The largest and most populated country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is England. By world standards, however, it is not large nor is it particularly rich in natural resources; yet its political and economic power in the past was virtually unrivaled. Today England's influence on the international scene is not as great, but it still remains a cultural force in the English-speaking world.

21. England is mainly a lowland country. Only in the northwest, in the area known as the Lake District, are there mountains of any height North front of Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and built in 1705–25.

22. Because of its relatively small size, England contains few long rivers. The longest are the Severn, which begins in Wales and flows for 210 miles (340 kilometers), the Thames (200 miles, 320 kilometers), and the Trent (175 miles, 280 kilometers). These rivers have a number of tributaries.. There are few lakes of any size, the largest being Lake Windermere in the Lake District

23. There are nearly 47 million people living in England, of which almost 80 percent live in cities. The English are proud of their cultural heritage. They have a rich literary and artistic tradition, which has influenced the development of English-speaking cultures around the world. London is a world center for the theater, music, and opera, and many English actors, playwrights, composers, performing musicians, dancers, writers, sculptors, and painters are internationally famous. Annual festivals of the arts are held in several English towns and cities.

24. Land and Climate A long stretch of coastline is preserved in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park of southwestern Wales, United Kingdom. Most of Wales consists of mountains and hills of ancient origin. The main range is the Cambrian Mountains, which extends from north to south. The highest massif, however, is the Snowdonia. It lies in the northwest and contains the highest mountain in Wales, Snowdon, which is 3,560 feet (1,085 meters) in height.

25. London west-southwest view of skyline Skyline of London from the Golden Gallery above the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, looking west-southwest.

26. British Museum, London, atdusk.

27. The Tower of London lies on the north bank of the River Thames. The earliest part of the fortification, the White Tower, at center right, was built in the 11th century and was later topped by four cupolas. The Traitors' Gate, at center left, dates from the 13th century.

28. Houses of Parliament (Westminster Palace) and Big Ben, London, from Westminster Bridge.

29. St. Paul's Cathedral Designed and built (1675–1710) under the supervision of Sir Christopher Wren, it combines Neoclassical, Gothic, and Baroque elements.

30. Tower Bridge, a London icon designed by Sir Horace Jones, opened to road traffic in 1894. The steel and stone construction was initially derided, but it gradually won popular approval.

31. Royal Albert-hall. It is constructed in 1867-1871, it is named in memory of prince Albert, the spouse of the queen Victoria.It represents a round brick building under a dome from glass and metal where since 1941 annual concerts of classical music with participation of world celebrities, sports actions, and also meetings are hold . The monument to prince Albert is established near to Albert-hall .

32. Trafalgar square The column of Nelson is erected to Trafalgar-square in 1842 under the project of architect John Nash. Height of the column - 50 m. In 1867 at a column foot have been established sculptures of four lions

33. Big Ben the most well-known tower clock in the world is located in a tower of the Westminster palace. The 13-ton bell is placed on a tower, which ring Londoners have heard for the first time in 1859.The clock have received the name in honour of the main inspector of regenerative works in Westminster Benjamin Holl. Piccadilly Square.

34. Westminster Abbey It is a great Gothic church, is the most historic building in the West End. Begun by Edward the Confessor in the 11th century, it has been rebuilt and enlarged since the reign of Henry III. England's kings and queens are crowned in the church, and some are buried there. Westminster Abbey also contains a great many tombs, monuments, and tablets commemorating statesmen and priests, scientists and artists, warriors and poets.

35. The big wheel "Millennium" has been built to a meeting of 21 centuries in the centre of London on the bank of Thames. Колесо обозрения «Миллениум» было сооружено к встрече 21 века в центре Лондона на берегу Темзы.

36. National emblems Many nations of the world have chosen flowers as national emblems. Some of the nations that have adopted national flowers are:England, therose; Ireland, theshamrock; Scotland, thethistle;Wales, the daffodil.