What Is Heat?

1. What Is Heat? • Heat is a form of energy. It affects the movement of molecules or particles in matter. • Heat energy is measured in units called calories. Adding calories of heat to matter will raise the temperature of it.

2. All matter is made up of tiny moving particles. The more energy matter has, the faster the particles move and the matter becomes warmer. The slower the particles move, the less energy matter has, and the cooler the matter is. Particles moving faster Particles In Matter Particles moving slower

3. Heat and Temperature • Temperature is a measure of the speed of particles. • Heat and temperature ARE NOT the same things. Heat is energy that causes the particles to move at different speeds, and temperature just measures the speed of the moving particles.

4. Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (oC) Measuring Temperature Pleasant Summer Day- 27oC Ice- 0oC Boiling water, or coffee- 100oC

5. Which Has More Heat?? • The bathtub has more heat. It has more particles than the teacup, therefore it has more heat. Same Temp. Boiling cup of soup Boiling water in a bathtub

6. Conduction is the way heat energy moves through a solid. Conduction • The particles of matter in the heat source hit the particles of matter in the spoon. The particles in the spoon that were hit begin to vibrate faster. These particles hit other particles in the spoon, causing the other particles to vibrate faster and pass heat along the spoon. HEAT SOURCE

7. The molecules are close together Heat energy can easily move through them The molecules are spaced far apart Heat energy CANNOT move easily through them. Conductors and insulators CONDUCTORS INSULATORS

8. convection • The fireplace heats the air around it. Warm air is less dense, or lighter than cool air, so it rises to the ceiling. Cool air drops to the floor since it is heavier, to replace the warm air that rose. In this way, a room is heated by convection. • Convection is the way heat energy moves through a liquid or a gas.

9. The sun gives off rays other than just light. These invisible rays transfer heat. The movement of heat energy in waves is called radiation. Heat From Sunlight Light energy Other forms of energy

10. Waves of energy from the sun travel through the glass roof of the greenhouse. When the waves strike matter inside, they change to heat. Heat can’t escape back out through the glass, so it gets trapped inside. The Greenhouse Effect

11. Chapter concepts • Heat is a form of energy; it is the vibration of particles in matter. • Temperature is a measure of the speed of particles. • Heat energy is transmitted through solids by conduction. • Heat energy is transmitted through liquids and gases by convection. • Heat energy that moves in waves is called radiation.

12. Important Vocabulary Heat~ A form of energy; actually the vibration of particles Calorie~ The unit heat energy is measured in Temperature~ A measure of the speed of particles Degrees Celsius~ Units temperature can be measured in Conduction~ How heat energy moves through a solid Insulator~ Material that doesn’t allow much heat energy to pass through Convection~ How heat energy moves through a liquid or gas Radiation~ The movement of heat energy in waves

13. Science words Word Bank convection conduction insulator conductor radiation conduction • Heat energy moves in different ways through different kinds of matter. The way heat energy moves through a solid is called ________. • Heat energy doesn’t move at the same speed through all kinds of solids. Heat energy can easily move through a type of solid called a/an _________. • Heat energy can’t move easily through another type of solid called a/an ________. • The way heat energy moves through liquids and gases is called __________. • Heat energy also comes from waves of energy from the sun. The movement of heat energy in waves is called _________. conductor insulator convection radiation

14. Which has more heat? • The soup in each bowl has the same temperature. Which bowl of soup contains more heat?

15. Insulator vs Conductor CONDUCTOR • Which are insulators? What is the picture remaining?

16. Just Remember... • Keep studying and you’ll do fine. This slide show was created by…. Nicole Cohen