Context and Schematic Conventions

1. Context and Schematic Conventions Applied Linguistics & Translation Dr. S. M. Hosseini (Prepared by OmidZhianTabasy)

2. Context & Situations • Situation and deixis • Shared time • “Oh! Look at the time!” • Shared place • “Your keys are over there.”

3. Context = Situation ?

4. Context • Internal representation (in the mind) • Selection (external circumstances)

5. Text-activated context

6. Written communication • Mostly irrelevant situational factors • Writing (different time and place) Reading • Contextual link (activate knowledge) • Explicit • Implicit “Mashhad, the Iranian religious capital, accommodates 10 million pilgrims every year.” • Context • Psychological construct • Conceptual representation • A state of affairs

7. Faltering/ broken down communication • First person Producer • Assumption Mistaken • Context Shared • Example: imagine a person facing you telling you to go to left.

8. Shared values • Context • Shared values instead of shared knowledge “The national soccer team seems to be doing even worse, if possible, than its usual performance.”

9. Schema(ta) • Context in the head = schematic structure

10. Frames • Frame of reference • “The French revolution, while necessary, cost a lot in human life and expenses.” • Ambiguity two or more competing frames of reference

11. Disambiguation/ elimination

12. Cultural assumptions • Taken-for-granted constructs • Common sense • Locally common • Communal sense

13. Interpersonal routines • Ideational constructs • Interpersonal schemata • Terms of address • Appropriate behavior • Accompanying physical action • Proximity

14. Adjacency pairs • Minimal routine “It’s nice to meet you.” “Nice to meet you too.” • Sub-routines • One-turn routine

15. Genres • Genres/ speech events of specific kinds • Meeting • Interview • Cross-examination • Debate • Established by discourse community