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The Ring of Gyges

The Ring of Gyges. Plato. Aristotle’s Moral Theory. 384-322 BC Greek Philosopher Nicomachean Ethics Student of Plato Wrote on many subjects. Aristotle’s Ethics. Virtue Ethics. Greek Philosophers (500BC – 200BC) Timeline. The Great Three. Plato, 20, meets Socrates, 60.

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The Ring of Gyges

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  1. The Ring of Gyges Plato

  2. Aristotle’s Moral Theory 384-322 BC Greek Philosopher Nicomachean Ethics Student of Plato Wrote on many subjects

  3. Aristotle’s Ethics Virtue Ethics

  4. Greek Philosophers (500BC – 200BC) Timeline The Great Three Plato, 20, meets Socrates, 60 Aristotle, 17, meets Plato, 62 Plato (429 - 347) 500 BC 200 BC Socrates (469 - 399) Aristotle (384 - 322)

  5. A Roman copy of a bust of Aristotle by the Greek master, Lysippos in 330 BCE

  6. What do you want to be when you grow up?

  7. HAPPY!!!!

  8. Teleological Ethics The end or goal of man is to be happy Isn’t your ultimate desire to be Happy?

  9. All things aim toward happiness • Why do you want to be rich? • Why do you want a nice car? • Why do you want a nice spouse? • Intermediate Goals

  10. Isn’t your final goal TO BE HAPPY?

  11. Eudaimonia Greek for Happiness

  12. Eudaimonia Defined To live well Well-being Human flourishing Self-sufficient Family Friends Fame Wealth

  13. But also: Luck Fortune Based upon TEMPORAL CIRCUMSTANCES

  14. How do we understand happiness? By answering the question: What is the function of Man?

  15. The function of a thing will help us determine what a “good” thing really is

  16. Example What is the function of a knife? To cut Therefore a good knife cuts good and is therefore sharp

  17. The function of man is the exercise of his reason

  18. A Good Man Is a man who uses his reason The rational man

  19. What does it mean to be rational? To live in such a way that will enable you to satisfy your purpose Which is to be happy!

  20. How do we achieve this? By Developing Virtue

  21. Happiness and Virtue • Happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with perfect virtue

  22. Arete Virtue Excellence The virtuous man is the most excellent man

  23. What is Virtue? The Relative Mean between two extremes The middle point between two extremes The “Golden Mean”

  24. Relative v. Absolute Mean • Absolute Mean is the exact mid-point between two extremes Aristotle is not talking about this!

  25. Based Upon? • The Individual’s • Physical • Intellectual • Genetic • Specific Circumstances

  26. For Example • How much should you drink?

  27. Considerations Weight? Physical Constitution? • How much food have you consumed? • What’s your mental and emotional state?

  28. These may change over time • Your Mean may change

  29. You need to know yourself • Possessing Virtue means that you also know yourself • Your Limits • Your Strengths • Your Weaknesses

  30. 4 Primary Virtues Wisdom Justice Courage Moderation

  31. Wisdom What are the two extremes that wisdom is the middle point of?

  32. Justice

  33. Courage

  34. Moderation

  35. Social Virtues

  36. Concerning Money • The Virtue is to be Generous

  37. Virtue Concerning Honor • Pride • (Appropriate Self-Respect)

  38. We should have Good Temper

  39. Virtue is not Natural • We are not born with virtue

  40. This is Good • If we had to be born with virtue and were not • That would be it • There would be nothing we could do about it

  41. How do we develop Virtue By Developing Character Qualities Through Practice Through Habits

  42. Thru Experience • Thru a Good Teacher

  43. Ethics and Politics Aristotle places ethics within the larger framework of politics

  44. Why? Because if the goal of human existence is happiness, our political leaders must know this Everything flows from the top down

  45. Example Politicians Generals Cavalry Blacksmith

  46. Friendship • Books 9 and 10 of the “Nicomachean Ethics” deal with the questions of • What is friendship?

  47. 3 Types of Friendship • 1. Friendship of Pleasure • 2. Friendship of Utility • 3. Friendship of Excellence

  48. Friendship of Pleasure • A friendship of pleasure is one based on the fact that certain people simply enjoy one another’s company, • but what both parties really seek is their own pleasure.

  49. Since the good that is desired on both sides is pleasure and enjoyment, • relationships of this sort tend to fade and break off when what had given pleasure ceases to do so.

  50. Friendships of young people often tend to be of this variety

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