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The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System

The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System. Yannis Caloghirou, Aimilia Protogerou and Evangelos Siokas, Laboratory of Industrial & Energy Economics (LIEE), National Technical University Athens (NTUA) meeting with RAND EUROPE at NTUA, 30/3/2011.

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The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System

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  1. The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System Yannis Caloghirou, Aimilia Protogerou and Evangelos Siokas,Laboratory of Industrial & Energy Economics (LIEE), National Technical University Athens (NTUA) meeting with RAND EUROPE at NTUA, 30/3/2011 YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  2. The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System Strengths • High participation (both as participants and coordinators) and central role (based on composite indicators) in the EU-funded- on a competitive basis- research networks (FP1-…FP7) [1984-2009]. • Increasing citation record. • Islands of excellence or active presence in the EU (and international) research community. YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  3. The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System Weaknesses • Systemic weaknesses • Missing Links in the System • Little domestic integration, more European or international • Vey little funding from the business sector. YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  4. The Greek Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion System Threats • Under-funding at the national level (0.57% of GDP in 2007 compared to… EU average). • Brain drain, especially under the current crisis situation. • Problems (i.e. lower annual earnings of researchers and academics compared to EU levels) in attracting researchers from the international research community as research becomes more global. YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  5. Strategy • Integrated STID (Science, Technology, Innovation and Diffusion) policies in an attempt to activate knowledge for growth and development. • Integrate Universities and Public Research Institutes in a more organic way. • Build on the competitive advantages of the Greek System (i.e. high participation in European Collaboration schemes). • Establish and fund flexible schemes to attract prominent researchers from the Greek Diaspora. • Encourage continuous Internationalization of Greek researchers and research groups. • Link with the domestic business sector and the public sector as a smart buyer. YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  6. Policy measures • Gradual increase of the RTD expenditures in absolute terms. • Involve more the business sector. • Attract private funds for scholarships etc. • Establish a regular national research programme (basic research, applied, commercialization of research results, Humanities and Social Sciences, support young researchers) • Institutional funding on a competitive basis. • Long-term flexible funding scheme for exchange of researchers (visiting fellows to Greek Universities and Research Institutes and Greek researchers visiting foreign Universities). • Promote knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  7. Network readiness index vs. intensity of participation in RJV-IST networks (EU-15)High participation, but low propensity of Greece to leverage ICT based opportunities for development YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  8. Science & technology endowment vs. intensity of participation in RJV-IST network (EU-15) High participation, but low R&D input and technologically weak industrial structure YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  9. Description of the dataset STEP-to-RJVs database: an extensive database which has been constructed and is maintained by LIEE/NTUA. It contains information on: • 24638 collaborative research projects funded by EU in FP1-FP7 (1984-2009) • 54641 organizations with 177238 participations mainly from EU countries YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  10. The changing characteristics of research projects across FPs YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  11. Evolution of the FP budget (in million €): increasing importance of the EU-funded research projects YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  12. Distribution of entities and their participation by organization type organizations participations YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  13. Participation in EU-funded research partnerships: 82.3% of organizations have a sporadic participation but 4% of them have a stable presence YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  14. The social network analysis tool help us to: • Visualize collaborative research networks among EU-Member States • Examine the evolution of the structural characteristics of EU-funded research networks across FPs • Examine the role of different research actors using a composite index incorporating different centrality measures (degree, closeness, betweenness and eigenvector centrality) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  15. Evolution of research networking among EU-Member States through time YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  16. Research networking among EU-Member States through time • Research networking activity across countries becomes more intensive through time • Core partners become more central due to preferential attachment of the newcomers, while at the same time they act as bridges between more peripheral countries • There is a gradual integration of peripheral countries and new Member States in the research network, therefore, a strong cohesion effect is present YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  17. Evolution of structural characteristics (1) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  18. Evolution of structural characteristics (2) • The research networks examined are found to be highly connected. In particular, FP6 appears to become tightly networked than earlier FPs indicating that EU-funded research networks have the capacity to create and strengthen connectivity through time. • These network’s connectivity is highly dependent on a core of influential actors, mainly universities, research centers and large firms which have strengthened their positioning and strategic role through the years. There is also a smaller group of rather frequent but lower profile actors and finally an extremely large number of partners for which participation is an exceptional event. YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  19. Evolution of structural characteristics (3) • The networks analyzed display ‘small-world properties’ and therefore may be considered as relatively efficient mechanisms of knowledge creation and diffusion. • The creation and maintenance of a stable network core, does not allow for possibly dynamic but more peripheral organizations to assume central positions. Therefore, there is always a risk of lock-ins and difficulties in changing the networks’ orientation to new and perhaps more promising research fields. YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  20. The distribution of central actors by organization type (1984-2009) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  21. Participation intensity and centrality role of Greece in FPs (1984-2009) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  22. Greek actors in top100 central organizations (1984-2009) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  23. Breakdown of Greek participation per research area in six FPs (1984-2006) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  24. Quality of life (life sciences, biotechnology, biomedical research) –10 most central Greek actors (1984-2006) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  25. Information society (IT, communications, telematics) 10 most central Greek actors (1984-2006) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  26. Competitive and sustainable growth (industrial and manufacturing technologies including aeronautics) – 10 most central Greek actors YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  27. Energy (nuclear and non-nuclear), environment (including transport) and sustainable development 10 most central Greek actors (1984-2006) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

  28. Other (Community research - Improving human potential - Socioeconomic - SMEs participation) –10 most central Greek actors (1984-2006) YCAL, AIMPR, VAGSIOK, LIEE/NTUA,Athens 30-3-2011

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