Conversational Behaviors of Individuals with HL

1. Conversational Behaviors of Individuals with HL Audiological Rehabilitation

2. Improving Effective Communication Improves Quality of Life!!

3. Factors for Successful Communication • Effectiveness of their listening device • Lipreading skills • Amount of residual hearing • Good use of communication strategies

4. Conversation • There are many reasons why we engage in conversations • There are implicit rules of conversation that should be followed • Communication with a person who has a HL may involve modified or adapted rules of conversation • These modifications may lead to interruptions, increased conversational effort and misunderstandings

5. Rules of Conversation • Agree to share one another’s interest • Share the responsibility of talking • Participate in choosing and developing the topic • Turn taking • Keep true to the topic • Provide information without being verbose

6. Rules of Conversation - Modified • Disruption of turn taking • Speaking style • Topic shifts • Modified topic selection • Clarifications • Violation of social etiquette

7. Communication Strategies • Facilitative Strategies • Repair Strategies • Maladaptive Strategies

8. Factors That Influence Reception of a Spoken Message • The Talker • Delivery with appropriate speaking behaviors • The Message • Use of simple, repetitive short sentences • The Environment • Quiet, well-lit areas with a good view of the speaker • The Listener • Appropriate use of amplification, attention to the speaker and a good emotional state

9. Facilitative Strategies • Strategies that influence the Talker • Instructional Strategies • Strategies that influence the Message • Message-Tailoring Strategies

10. Facilitative Strategies, cont’d • Strategies that influence the Environment • Constructive Strategy • Strategies that influence the Listener • Adaptive Strategy • Attending Strategy • Anticipatory Strategy

11. Receptive Repair Strategies • Repeat repair strategy • Request for information repair strategy • Key word repair strategy • Elaborate repair strategy • Extended repair strategy • Specific vs Non-specific repair strategies

12. Maladaptive Strategies • Dominating the Conversation • Bluffing • Withdrawal • Becoming increasingly anxious

13. Stages in Repairing a Communication Breakdown • Stage 1 • Detection of a communication breakdown • Stage 2 • Dealing with a communication breakdown • Repair Strategy • Bluff • Disregard Utterance

14. Conversational Styles • Passive • Withdraws from conversations and interactions rather than attempting repair strategies • Aggressive • Blames others for the misunderstanding • Assertive • Takes responsibility for the communication difficulties in a way that is considerate of communication partner Non-Interactive Dominating Interactive

15. Research: Specific Vs. Nonspecific Repair Strategies • Which repair strategies are used most commonly? • What happens after a repair strategy is used? • What is the drawback to using nonspecific repair strategies? • Which strategy will most likely lead to understanding of a message?

16. Research: Who Uses Repair Strategies? • Familiar Vs. Unfamiliar Partners • What are the attitudes of those who use communication strategies? • Who is least likely to use repair strategies? • Lower levels of education • Sudden HL • Receive minimal benefit from HA

17. What Are the Important Components of an AR Program? • Practice in using specific repair strategies • Practice using communication strategies with familiar and unfamiliar persons • Increase the amount of training for persons with sudden hearing loss and those who are receiving minimal benefit from listening devices