Ethnoliguistic Groups in the Philippines

1. EthnoliguisticGroups inthe Philippines Presented by: Shiela Marie M. Malabag III-6BEED

2. Major Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Philippines

3. Ilocano • The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino ethnic group. Aside from being referred to as Ilocanos, from "i"-from, and "looc"-bay, they also refer to themselves as Samtoy, from the Ilocano phrase "sao mi ditoy", meaning 'from our language'. The word "Ilocano" came from the word "Iloco" by the natives of the Upper part of the land known as "Cordillera. Location • Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya, Abra, Cagayan, Isabela, at ilang lalawigan sa Visayas at Mindanao.

4. Culture • They are characterized as being humble, hardworking and frugal, and they engage primarily in farming and fishing. • The Ilocano culture represents very simple, sometimes spartan day-to-day living, focusing mostly on work and productivity, spending only on necessities and not on so much on ostentatious material possessions. • Ilocanos also exemplify a great degree of respect and humility in their everyday dealings Food • Ilocanos boast of a somewhat healthy diet heavy in boiled or steamed vegetables and freshwater fish, but are particularly fond of dishes flavored with bagoong. • Ilocanos often season boiled vegetables with bagoong monamon (fermented anchovy paste) to produce pinakbet. Local specialities include the soft white larvae of ants, and "jumping salad" of tiny, live shrimp.

5. Way of Living • Making burnay, pot, inabel or kumot- Ilokano and virginia tabako. Famous Ilocanos • Elpidio Quirino- 6th President of the Philippines (1948–1953) • Ferdinand Marcos- 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) • Diego and Gabriela Silang

6. Kapampangan • The province of Pampanga is traditional homeland of the Kapampangans. Location • Pampanga, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija, Way of Living • Processes meat goods like tocino, parol making and farming

7. Culture • Devout Roman Catholics, their religious festivals display an indigenous flavor unique only to the Kapampangan people. • The Batalla Festival to reenact the battle between the native Moor or Muslim and the new colonist Native Capampangan Cristian. • The Pistang Danum of the barrios of Pansinao, Mandasig, Lanang and Pasig in Candaba ~ where food is served on floating banana rafts on the waters of the Pampanga River ~ was a originally a non-Christian holiday that is now made to coincide with the baptism of Christ.

8. Cuisine • Kapampangan cuisine,or Lutung Kapampangan, has gained a favourable reputation among other Philippine ethnic groups. • sisig, kare-kare, the "tocino" or pindang and their native version of the longaniza. Prominent Kapampangans • Benigno Aquino, Jr. - was a senator whose assassination triggered the events that led to the People Power Revolution. • Diosdado Pangan Macapagal - was the 9th President of the Republic of the Philippines and a native of Lubao, Pampanga. • Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo - was the 14th President of the Republic of the Philippines. A daughter of the 9th President of the Republic Diosdado Macapagal, she was the country's first female Vice President during the tenure of Joseph Estrada.

9. Tagalog • The name Tagalog comes from either the native term tagá-ilog, meaning 'people living along the river or tagá-alog, meaning 'people living along the ford, a ford being a shallow part of a river. • Tagalogs speak the Tagalog language, with many dialectal variations, although all Tagalog dialects are considered to be mutually comprehensible to each other. The main religion of Tagalogs is Christianity, mainly Roman Catholicism and some Protestantism, as well as other religions. Location • Nueva cija, Bulacan, Bataan, Rizal, Metro Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Aurora, Quezon, Marinduque, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental and some parts of Zambales and Tarlac

10. Way of Living • Farming and fishing Culture • Tagalogs have a very strict adherence to conduct politeness and respect, and this is exemplified by practices and their language structure. • Tagalogs are also depicted by examples of bravery and courage, as manifested by historical events, e.g., the Philippine Revolution and World War II. Cuisine • Tagalogs are also focused on food preparation and culinary activities. Women (and sometimes, men) are trained early on to become culinary experts. This is depicted in lavish celebrations during fiestas and gatherings.

11. Prominent Tagalog • Dr. Jose Rizal • Pangulong Manuel Quezon • Andres Bonifacio • Francisco Baltazar

12. Bicolano • The Bicolanos are the the fifth-largest Filipino ethnic group. • Their language is referred to as Bikol or Bicolano. The Bicolano language is very fragmented, and its dialects are mutually incomprehensible to speakers of other Bicolano dialects. • Majority of the Bicolano people are devout Roman Catholics. Location • Albay, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes, Masbate and Sorsogon.

13. Way of Living • Making abaka, pili at dried fish or “dinaing na isda” Culture • Nature lover, religious, they love to eat spicy foods. Food • The Bicolano culture is primarily noted for the prominent use of chili peppers and gata (coconut milk) in its food. A classic example is the Bicol Express, a well-loved dish using siling labuyo (native small chillies) and the gata.

14. Famous Bicolano • Chiz Escudero - is Philippine Senator from Sorsogon • Raul Roco - was a Philippine Senator from Bombon, Camarines Sur • Crispin Beltran- a Filipino politician and a labor leader, a staunch critic of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

15. Cebuano • The Cebuano people usually refers to those whose native tongue is Cebuano, but more specifically the people who live in the province of Cebu. The Cebuano are the largest subset of the Bisaya ethnic group which, in turn, is the largest ethnic group of the Philippines. • The Cebuano language is the most common indigenous language spoken in the Visayas region. Location • Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and some parts of Negros Way of Living • Mining, factories, fishing and farming

16. Culture • Much of the Cebuano culture has been influence by the Spanish culture and indigenous Philippine traditions. The majority of its people belong to the Roman Catholic religion. In fact, Filipino Catholism starts its roots in Cebu. • Hardworking, religious and good swimmer Famous Cebuano President Sergio Osmena President Carlos P. Garcia Lapu Lapu

17. Ilonggo • The Ilonggo are the indigenous inhabitants of the large coastal plain of East Panay island. Over the years, intermigrations and intramigrations have contributed to the diaspora of the Hiligaynon to different parts of the country. • They are part of the wider Visayan ethnic group, who constitute the largest Filipino ethnic group. • Most Hiligaynons are Christians who are Roman Catholics.

18. Location • Island of Negros and Panay Way of Living • Planting sugar cane and rice, Fishing Culture • Sweet, “malumanay magsalita”, and romantic. Prominent Ilonggo • President Manuel Roxas • Jose Yulo • Ramon Avancena

19. Waray • The Waray are part of the wider Bisaya ethnic group, who constitute the largest Filipino ethnic group. • The Warays, technically considered Visayans, are culturally closer to the Bicolanos than to the other Visayans. • This similarity has been shown by customs, traditions, and language. • Warays speak the Waray-waray language, which is further subdivided into various dialects. • The majority of Warays are Roman Catholics.

20. Location • Leyte and Samar ( it also includes the island of Homonhon, Hinamok, Daram, Zumarraga, Capul and Biliran.) Way of Living • The Warays' livelihood are farming and fishing. Culture • Many Warays send their children to Manila to study and work depleting futher the Waray population in the area. • One aspect of the Waray culture that makes them widely known is faith-healing.

21. The Warays are primarily known for their traditional courtship dances, like the balitaw, kuradang and kuratsa, which features verses in rhyme and dance motions. • Good in making water vehicles and good in mining. • They love music and love to drink tuba. Prominent Waray People • Imelda Romualdez Marcos

22. Pangasinense • The name Pangasinan means "land of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from asin, the word for "salt" in the Pangasinan language. • Pangasinan literature is well-known throughout the Philippines. One famous piece is about the legend of Princess Urduja. Location Pangasinan Way of Living Fishing, making fish sauce, finest salt, and handicrafts like basket , and duyan.

23. Culture • The culture of Pangasinan is a blend of the indigenous Malayo-Polynesian and western Hispanic and American cultures, with some Indian, and Chinese influences. Pangasinan culture is closely related to the Cordillerano and Ilocano cultures. The Cordilleranos are believed to be descendants of Pangasinan people. • The religion of the people of Pangasinan is predominantly Christian, although few are strict believers and continue to practice their indigenous beliefs and rituals, like most of the people of the Philippines. Predominant Pangasinense • Fernando Poe Jr. • President Fidel V. Ramos

24. Minor Ethnolinguistic Groups

25. In LuzonTinggulan • came from the word “itingue” meaning people in the mountain. • other groups inhabiting the Cordillera mountain provinces of Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya and Quirino call themselves Ikalahan. Location • Abra Livelihood Farming Culture • They love music. • They put tattoo on their skin and blacken their teeth.

26. Tagbanua or Tagbanwa • The Tagbanuas are brown-skinned slim straight-haired ethnic group. Women wear bright body ornament and brighty colored clothes. • They believe in a fairy called "Diwata", which they account for they lives. • Marriages are arranged from the age of 12 and polyandry is common. • Both the Tagbanuas and the Bataks developed their own written language like the Mangyans of Mindoros that are inscribed mostly on bamboo tubes.

27. Location • Gitnang Palawan Livelihood • Fishing, planting, at hunting Culture • Wear colorful clothes and the men use bahag.

28. Mangyan Location • Mindoro Livelihood • They get the different products in the forest • fishing Culture • They use the first alphabet of the Filipino.

29. Ifugao • The Ifugaos, whose name means "people of the earth", are the carvers of the rice terraces, popularly known as the eight wonder of the world, and an amazing work of bare hands, ancient farming tools and primitive irrigation scheme that works even nowadays. • Their life evolves basically from their ethnic beliefs and customs. • A form of ritual- shown mostly in their dances and songs that represent every aspect of their life.

30. Location • Hilagang Luzon Livelihood • Farming Famous Culture • They believe in divorce. • Their house is triangular in shape.

31. Kalinga • The Kalinga group although belongs to the headhunters of the north, lessened this practice due to the peace agreement with other tribes. • As a substitute to beheading the captured enemy, an offering of food or animal is accepted as peace offering. Location Hilagang Luzon Livelihood Farming Culture They love to use jewelries and colorful clothes.

32. Igorot • The general name for the people of the Cordillera region, in the Philippines island of Luzon. • The Igorot form two subgroups: the larger group lives in the south, central and western areas, and is very adept at rice-terrace farming; • The smaller group lives in the east and north. Some Igorot groups formerly practiced headhunting. • Happy type of persons and love to wear colorful clothes. Location • Gitnang Cordillera Livelihood • Farming

33. Aeta/ Agta/ Mamanwa/ Dumagat • The Aeta (pronounced as “eye-ta,”), Agta or Ayta are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of Luzon, Philippines. • They are considered to be Negritos, who are dark to very dark brown-skinned and tend to have features such as a small stature, small frame, curly to kinky hair with a higher frequency of naturally lighter hair color (blondism) relative to the general population, small nose, and dark brown eyes.

34. Location • They can be seen in all parts of the Philippines Livelihood head hunting and food gathering Culture • They live together in one community. • Their traditional clothing is very simple. The young women wear wrap around skirts. Elder women wear bark cloth, while elder men wear loin cloths. • The Aetas are skillful in weaving and plaiting. • Aeta women are known around the country as purveyors of herbal medicines.

35. Batak • Location North- west part of Palawan • Livelihood Farming and Fishing • Culture This group believe in “babaylan” or the first female priest.

36. Gaddang • Came from the word “ga”= fire at “dang”= nasunog • this likely alludes to the fact that the Gaddang are generally darker of skin than other Cordillera people. • Gaddang refers to both the Christianized Gaddang who are now largely assimilated into Ilocano and the Pagan Gaddang. Location • Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya Livelihood • Hunting, fishing, and farming

37. Culture • Settlements are located near streams and fields. • Leadership is achieved based on bravery, skills, knowledge of customary law, and wealth, and usually in association with the status of mingal or great warrior. • The Gaddang live in the forested areas of Cagayan Valley where it was difficult for people to get to where they lived. • Their houses are built off the ground on poles while some live in tree houses.

38. Ilonggot • From the word “I”= mula + “longgot”= gubat Location • South of Sierra Madre, and Caraballo (Nueva Viscaya, Nueva Ecija and Quirino. Livelihood • Farming and hunting Culture • They worship fake goods or “dyos dyosan” and “anito”.

39. Ivatan • The Ivatans are a Filipino ethnolinguistic group predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines. • The culture of the Ivatans is partly influenced by the environmental condition of Batanes. Unlike the old-type nipa huts common in the Philippines, Ivatans have adopted their now-famous stone houses made of limestone, designed to protect against the hostile climate. Location • Batanes Livelihood • farming and fishing

40. Culture • Traditionally, because of the frequent typhoons and drought, they plant root crops able to cope with the environment. These crops include yam, sweet potato, taro, garlic, ginger and onion, as they ensure higher chances of survival during awry climate conditions. • They have a native delicacy called uvod (the pith of the banana stalk) which is served, along with the wine palek, on festive occasions such as weddings. • One of the endemic clothing of the Ivatans is the vakul. A vakul is a headgear designed to protect the wearer from sun and rain. It is made from abaca fiber of the vuyavuy palm.

41. Isnay Location • Nueva Viscaya Livelihood • Farming and cloth weaving Culture • They are christians and they get marry to the people who belongs to their group.

42. Kankanay • Location Northern Luzon and Benguet • Livelihood Farming, hunting and fishing • They are the third largest group in the Cordillera Region.

43. Isneg Location • Apayao and Kalinga Livelihood • Farming Culture • They can have many wives.

44. B. VisayasBoholanon Location • Bohol Livelihood • “Pagpapastol” Culture • The name Tagbiliran came from the word “bool”.

45. Magahat Location • Bayawan and Negros Oriental. Livelihood • Searching for food in the forest. Culture • They live in the mountain of Negros.

46. C. MindanaoMaranao Location • Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte Livelihood • Fishing Culture • They are good in wood carving, cloth weaving and uses copper.

47. T’Boli Location • Cotabato Livelihood • Hunting, fishing, and fruit gathering in the forests. Culture • They wear campanilla and the girls use honey as a beauty product.

48. Tausug Location • Sulu Livelihood • Fishing, farming, at pearl hunting Culture • They are good and brave warriors.

49. Yakan Location • Zamboanga Livelihood • Farming Culture • They are lead by a datu and they believe in super natural believes.

50. The End!Thank You and God Bless!