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ENGINEERING IDEAS

Paper Towers. ENGINEERING IDEAS. Paper Towers. Engineers are problem solvers. Use available technology to solve Rely on creativity and academic skills Use math, science, and computers It is very important to note that even though the

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ENGINEERING IDEAS

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  1. Paper Towers ENGINEERING IDEAS

  2. Paper Towers • Engineers are problem solvers. • Use available technology to solve • Rely on creativity and academic skills • Use math, science, and computers • It is very important to note that even though the • tasks are very different, many of the methods • used are common to all engineers.

  3. Paper Towers THE ENGINEERING PROCESS: IDENTIFY and define a problem SOLVE THE PROBLEM ANALYZE the problem DESIGN and propose solutions REFINE their proposals

  4. Paper Towers TYPES OF ENGINEERS CIVIL CHEMICAL ELECTRICAL COMPUTER INDUSTRIAL MECHANICAL AERONAUTICAL

  5. Paper Towers TYPES OF CIVIL ENGINEERS • STRUCTURAL • TRANSPORTATION • GEOTECHNICAL • ENVIRONMENTAL • WATER RESOURCES

  6. Who does this? STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

  7. Who does this? TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS

  8. Who does this? ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS

  9. Who does this? GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS

  10. Who does this? WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERS

  11. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. History of Structural Engineering Structural engineering is one of the oldest professions in the world. The existence of structural engineering can be date back to 27th century B.C. (THE PYRAMIDS!)

  12. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. History of Structural Engineering In the late of 19th and earlier of 20th centuries, along with modern science revolution, structural engineering developed. In 1889, Eiffel Tower built by Gustave Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin.

  13. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. Structural engineering Deals with the design of any structural systems. The purpose of which is to support and resist loads. Most commonly, a structural engineer is involved in the design of buildings and nonbuilding structures where structural integrity of the design item is a matter of safety and reliability.

  14. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. • Structural engineering • Structural engineers design based on: • safety (structures don’t collapse without warning) • serviceability (i.e. floor vibration) and • building sway can’t result in discomfort for occupants.

  15. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. • Structural engineering • Structural engineers are responsible for making efficient use of: • funds and • materials to achieve these goals.

  16. Paper Towers EQUILIBRIUM • LOADS • FORCES • MOMENTS • TORSION Summation of Forces Σ F=0 • Horizontal Direction Σ Fh=0 • Vertical Direction Σ Fv=0

  17. Paper Towers LOADS • Dead Loads • Live Loads • Wind Loads • Snow Loads

  18. Paper Towers AXIAL LOADS • Compression • pushing or • shortening • Tension • pulling or • elongating

  19. Paper Towers FORCES

  20. Paper Towers MOMENTS • Summation of Moments – Σ M=0 • Moment = Force * Distance

  21. Paper Towers TORSION • Torsion is produced when a beam is subjected to loads which cause it to buckle and roll. • Diaphragms are inserted to eliminate torsion.

  22. Paper Towers TORSION

  23. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. A tower is…. A structure; A tall man-made building; Always (and usually much) taller than they are wide; Built to take advantage of their height; Either free standing or part of a larger structure.

  24. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today. Examples of the various uses of towers include: To save ground-level space: skyscrapers To enhance views: tourist towers, air-traffic Control tower To increase strategic advantage: prison watch tower To increase potential energy: water tower To enhance communications: lighthouse, bell tower, clock tower As support: bridge towers To access tall or high objects: launch tower As art: Gettysburg National Tower, Eiffel Tower For recreation: rock climbing tower

  25. Paper Towers Probably the oldest tower still standing is the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy built from 1173 until 1372. When the tower had reached its third storey the works ceased because it had started sinking into the ground. The tower remained thus for 90 years. The top of the Leaning Tower can be reached by mounting the 294 steps. Unfortunately, even today the great mass continues to sink very slowly. It sinks about 1 mm. every year. TOWERS...

  26. Paper Towers Tower of London, ancient fortress in London, England, Now used mainly as a museum it was a royal residence in the Middle Ages. Later it was a jail for illustrious prisoners. The Tower is enclosed by a dry moat, the White Tower was built c.1078 by Gundulf, bishop of Rochester; the exterior was restored by Sir Christopher Wren. TOWERS!

  27. Paper Towers In 1961, a 120’ by 120’ plot was bought. The earthquake stability of the Space Needle was ensured when a hole was dug 30 feet deep and 120 feet across. The foundation is almost 6,000 tons and 250 tons of reinforcing steel in the base. The structure is bolted to the foundation with 72 bolts, each bolt is 30’ long. The top dome was perfectly balanced so that the restaurant could rotate with the help of one tiny electric motor, originally 1 hp. It was completed in April 1962 at a cost of $4.5 million. MORE TOWERS, Edward E. Carlson, chairman of the 1962 World's Fair in Seattle, originally had an idea for erecting a tower with a restaurant at the top as part of the World's Fair celebration.

  28. Paper Towers The Eiffel Tower: Designed by A. G. Eiffel and erected for the Paris exposition of 1889. The tower is 984 ft (300 m) high. Consists of an iron framework supported on four masonry piers, from which rise four columns uniting to form one shaft. AND MORE TOWERS

  29. Paper Towers AND EVEN MORE TOWERS!

  30. Paper Towers We are going to build our own towers today.

  31. The Rules.

  32. Paper Towers Keep in mind... Load Balance Foundation

  33. Paper Towers

  34. Paper Towers What did you learn? What happened? What would you change?

  35. And the winner is...

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