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Exploring Societal Reactions towards Juvenile Crime

Exploring Societal Reactions towards Juvenile Crime. Dr. Timo Harrikari University of Helsinki November 15th, 2005 Tallinn, Estonia. Exploring societal reactions on juvenile crime. Methodological reflections on exploring societal reactions on juvenile crime

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Exploring Societal Reactions towards Juvenile Crime

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  1. Exploring Societal Reactions towards Juvenile Crime Dr. Timo Harrikari University of Helsinki November 15th, 2005 Tallinn, Estonia

  2. Exploring societal reactions on juvenile crime • Methodological reflections on exploring societal reactions on juvenile crime • Historical periodisation of the Finnish reactions; • Some notes on the current debate on juvenile crime Dr. Timo Harrikari

  3. Methodological reflections on exploring societal reaction towards juvenile crime • ”A history of the present” (Garland, Parton) • Labelling theory (Lemert, Becker) • Societal reactions • Primary and secondary deviance • Generational analysis (Alanen, Harrikari) • Internal and necessary relation between childhood and adulthood. • Societal reactions towards juvenile crime as a part political strategies and social policy Dr. Timo Harrikari

  4. HISTORICAL STRUCTURATION OF JUVENILE CRIME LEGISLATION Period of Risk Politics 1995- Period of the medieval provincial Laws 1200-1350 From Welfare Policy to the Rights of children 1965-1995 Efficient Integration and intentional Use of Institutions 1945-1965 The Great Child Welfare Project From Social Defence towards Child Welfare 1895-1945 Period of weakness of Will and moral Corruption 1860-1895 Period of Sin, unrestricted Power of Father and Mosaic Right for Punishment 1550-1860 Period of the first National Enactments 1350-1550 Dr. Timo Harrikari

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  8. The Culture of interference • Economic scarcity • Risk-oriented ”hot-spot” thinking; multi-agency cooperation. • Conservative counterblow. Focus on • The demand for protection by the state and ”society” (instead protection from the state) • Parental responsibilities • Antisocial behavior of children, children at high-risk (crime and paedophilia) • Juvenile crime and the age of criminal liability • The conceptsof risk, exclusion, marginalisation, interference • Risk rationality • Governing majority by measures earlier directed at minority • Maintaining continous feeling of crisis instead of moral panics, governing by fear • The police and media as the justified speakers; influence on discourses • Disappearence of labelling theory and appearance of both early, immediate, and powerful intervention. • Incapasitation, opportunity theory, zero-tolerance, curfews Dr. Timo Harrikari

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  10. The Dominant Constructions of a Child The Police? Child at risk 1995- Affluent child, child possessing the rights 1965-1996 Sociologists, Social workers Psychologists, Special educationalists Disturbed and maladjusted child 1945-1965 Child in need for protection and degenerated child; faltering juvenile 1895-1945 Theologians & the medical profession Legal Scholars Weak-willed child 1860-1895 Sinful and ill-natured child 1550-1860 ”Additional Stomach ” 1200-1550 Dr. Timo Harrikari

  11. Exploring Societal Reactions towards Juvenile Crime Dr. Timo Harrikari University of Helsinki November 15th, 2005 Tallinn, Estonia

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