Biology B Standard 4B: Ecology

1. Biology BStandard 4B: Ecology Week 3 Ms. Darlak

2. Warm-up 04/30What is a connection between a car driving down the road, a tree growing in a forest, and climate change? CO2 CO2 CO2 2

3. Agenda 4/30 • Review Water Cycle • Carbon Cycle p. 11 & 13

4. CO2 in atmosphere Combustion of fuels Industry and home Photosynthesis Diffusion Respiration Plants Animals Dissolved CO2 Bicarbonates Photosynthesis Deposition of dead material Animals Plants and algae Fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) Deposition of dead material Carbonates in sediment Carbon Cycle

5. Carbon Cycle Diagram Carbon in Atmosphere Decomposers break down dead things, releasing carbon to atmosphere and soil Plants use carbon to make food Plants and animals die Fossil fuels are burned; carbon is returned to atmosphere Animals eat plants and take in carbon Carbon slowly released from these substances returns to atmosphere Bodies not decomposed — after many years, become part of oil or coal deposits

6. Carbon Cycle Processes • Photosynthesis • CO2 + H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + O2 • Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 + O2 →CO2 + H2O + energy • Decomposition • Combustion • CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + energy

8. Tracing Matter ? Great-Great-Great Grandma Johnson Describe the path of a carbon atom from Grandma Johnson’s remains, to inside the leg muscle of a coyote. NOTE: The coyote does not dig up and consume any part of Grandma Johnson’s remains. 8

9. Inputs and Outputs – Tracing Carbon Grandma Johnson Decomposers Deconstruction of organic carbon - Cellular Respiration Organic carbon Carbon dioxide Plants Herbivores Organic carbon Generation of organic carbon - Photosynthesis Coyote Organic carbon Modification of organic carbon - Food Chain

10. Classwork • Read and Color p. 13 • OSPOP Answer • Carbon Cycle Questions on p.11

11. Warm-up 05/1 What are the four reservoirs of Carbon? What are the processes that help carbon to move into and out of these 4 reservoirs? • Land • (Plants, Animals, & Soil) • Ocean • Atmosphere • Subterranean (Fossils) • Photosynthesis • Cellular Respiration • Combustion (Burning) • Decomposition

12. Agenda 05/01 • Carbon Cycle Review • Nitrogen Cycle • HW: Packet p.12 • 4B QUIZ II Friday

13. Global Carbon Cycle Clip Carbon is exchanged between the active pools due to various processes – photosynthesis and respiration between the land and the atmosphere, and diffusion between the ocean and the atmosphere.

14. The Nitrogen Cycle • All living things need Nitrogen • 78% atmosphere is Nitrogen gas N2 • Animals and plants have no way of using it. • It needs to be fixed (put into a biologically useful compound). • Nitrogen can be converted into useful nitrate (NO3) compounds by bacteria, algae, and even lightning. • Clip

15. Nitrogen cycle Atmospheric nitrogen Carnivores Herbivores Birds Plants Plankton with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Death, excretion, feces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (plant roots) Fish Decomposing bacteria amino acids excretion Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (soil) Ammonifying bacteria loss to deep sediments Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria soil nitrates

17. Nitrogen Gas N2 (Atmosphere) Nitrogen Fixation Waste Ammonification Denitrification Plant Assimilation Ammonia NH3 (Soil) Nitrates NO3 (Soil) Nitrification

18. The Processes • Nitrogen Fixation- • Bacteria and lightning turn nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) • Nitrification- • Bacteria change ammonia (NH3) into nitrates (NO3). • Denitification- • Bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas (N2) • Assimilation- • Plants get nitrogen by absorbing ammonia (NH3) or nitrates (NO3)

19. Classwork/Homework • OSPPOP • Carbon Cycle p.12 DUE TODAY • Nitrogen Cycle p.12

20. Harmful effects of Nitrogen • Ecosystems: Changes can favor weeds over native plants, which in turn reduces species diversity and changes ecosystems. • Precipitation: Nitrogen oxides along with sulfur dioxide is a major component of acid rain. • Air quality: High concentrations of nitrogen lower atmosphere are a precursor to damage living tissues, including human lungs, and decrease plant production. • Water quality: Adding large amounts of nitrogen to rivers, lakes, and coastal systems results in excessive nutrient concentrations and stimulates blooms of algae that deplete oxygen, killing fish and other organisms and ruining water quality. • Carbon cycle: Ecosystems fertilized by additional nitrogen may boost the capture and storage of carbon.

21. WARM-UP 05/02 FILL IN THE ENERGY AMOUNTS FOR EACH LEVEL ENERGY LOST (8.67 LOST) 9.63 (86.73 LOST) 96.37 (867.33 LOST) 963.7 (8673.3 LOST) 9637 9.63 units 96.37 units 963.7 units of energy 9637 units

22. Agenda 05/02 • Nitrogen Cycle Review ------Watch Clip • Phosphorus Cycle • Intro • Classwork • 4B QUIZ II Friday • (ALL 4B Material)

23. The Nitrogen Cycle • All living things need Nitrogen • 78% atmosphere is Nitrogen gas N2 • Animals and plants have no way of using it. • It needs to be fixed (put into a biologically useful compound). • Nitrogen can be converted into useful nitrate (NO3) compounds by bacteria, algae, and even lightning. • Clip

24. The Phosphorus Cycle • All living things need Phosphorus (CHONP). It is a limiting nutrient. • Phosphorus does not enter the atmosphere, remaining mostly on land and in rock and soil minerals. • Eighty percent of the mined phosphorus is used to make fertilizers, • Too much phosphates may cause pollution issues in lakes and streams.

25. Phosphorus Cycle Land animals Plants Animal tissue and feces Urine Soluble soil phosphate Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) Loss in drainage Rocks and minerals Phosphates in solution Decomposers (bacteria & fungi) Animal tissue and feces Plants and algae Aquatic animals Precipitates Loss to deep sediment

26. Classwork/Homework • OSPOP • Carbon Cycle Questions p.11 DUE TODAY • Nitrogen Cycle Questions p.11 DUE TODAY • Phosphorus Cycle Questions p. 11 DUE THURSDAY • In packet, complete (BY FRIDAY) • Carbon Cycle p. 18 • Nitrogen Cycle p. 20 • All Cycles pps. 21-22

27. Warm-up 05/03 What are 1-3? Nitrogen Gas N2 (Atmosphere) Nitrogen Fixation 1 Waste Ammonification Plant Assimilation Denitrification 3 Ammonia NH3 (Soil) Nitrates NO3 (Soil) 2 Nitrification

29. Agenda • Cycle Review • Classwork • 4B QUIZ II Friday • (ALL 4B Material)

30. Water cycle Solar energy Transpiration Water vapor Evaporation Precipitation Oceans Runoff Lakes Percolation in soil Aquifer Groundwater

31. CO2 in atmosphere Combustion of fuels Industry and home Photosynthesis Diffusion Respiration Plants Animals Dissolved CO2 Bicarbonates Photosynthesis Deposition of dead material Animals Plants and algae Fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) Deposition of dead material Carbonates in sediment Carbon Cycle

32. Nitrogen cycle Atmospheric nitrogen Carnivores Herbivores Birds Plants Plankton with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Death, excretion, feces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (plant roots) Fish Decomposing bacteria amino acids excretion Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (soil) Ammonifying bacteria loss to deep sediments Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria soil nitrates

33. Phosphorus Cycle Land animals Plants Animal tissue and feces Urine Soluble soil phosphate Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) Loss in drainage Rocks and minerals Phosphates in solution Decomposers (bacteria & fungi) Animal tissue and feces Plants and algae Aquatic animals Precipitates Loss to deep sediment

34. Cycle Review Table

35. Classwork/Homework • Phosphorus Cycle Questions p. 11 DUE TODAY • In packet, complete (BY FRIDAY) • Carbon Cycle p. 18 • Nitrogen Cycle p. 20 • All Cycles pps. 21-22 • 4B QUIZ II Friday • (ALL 4B Material)

36. Warm-up 05/04 • Diagram and label the water cycle. • You have 5 minutes.

37. Agenda 05/04 • Quiz 4B II • Monday: 4B Wrap-up/Review • Tuesday: State Testing • Wednesday: STANDARD 4B

38. Cycle Review Table