Biology B

1. Biology B

2. Bible Verses • Romans 1:20 ~ 22 – for since the creation of the world his invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and God head, so that they are without excuse. Because, although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God, nor were thankful but became futile in their thoughts , and their foolish hearts were darkened. professing to be wise they became fools – worthless no value doesn’t work. • Classification – putting things onto groups based on what they look like or what they are.

3. 2 kinds of classification systems • 1. artificial classification system – based on what they look like • 2. natural classification system – based on what they are • Aristotle created the first artificial (he made 6 groups) classification system

4. Carolus Linnaeus • Carolus Linnaeus created the classification system we use today. (artificial) – he was a very famous chritian scientist. • Linnaeus put things into 7 groups • 1. kingdom – 6 kingdoms • 2. phylum • 3. class • 4. order • 5. family • 6. genus • 7. species – 2 million

5. Natural classification system • Natural classification system - made by God – “kind” – based on what things are • What things are kind = species

6. 6 Kingdoms • 1. Archaebacteria – prokaryotic (no membrane around the nucleus), unicellular organism (things) without = NO peptidoglycans (chemical) • 2. Eubacteria – Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms with (chemical) peptidoglycans

7. 6 Kingdoms 3. Protista – Eukaryotic (has a membrane around the nucleus) organism that are autotrophic (makes its own food) or hetetrophic (has to eat some thing), mobile (moves) or sessile (doesn’t move), unicellular or colonial organisms. - if I don’t know where to put it and it is not multicellular, it in protista. 4. Kingdom Fungi – Eukaryotic, unicellular or colonial (cells that live together to help each other but could live apart (mushrooms))organisms that are heterotrophic ( has to eat) like yeasts or mushrooms.

8. 6 Kingdoms • 5. Kingdom Plantae – eukaryotic, multicellularsessile (don’t move) organisms that are autotrophic ( make their own food) like plants. • 6. Kingdom Animalia– Eukaryotic multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic, like people and animals

9. Chapter 15 • Zoology – the study of animals • Kingdom Animalia has several characteristics (what things are) outside of its definition • Reproduce sexually (some will reproduce sexually and asexually) • Embryonic stage • All have an embryonic stage (very, very, very little babies)

10. Cell, Tissues and Organ • All have tissues (cells working together to do a job) • Organ is Biggest • Tissue is second • Cell is smallest

11. Processes of kingdom Animalia • What does kingdom Animalia do? • 1. movement – they all move! • 2. support - they all have a body part that holds them up and keeps them from falling apart. • Exoskeleton – hard plates outside the body (crabs, lobsters) • Endoskeleton – bones and cartiledge inside the body (cats, rats, dogs , people) • 3. Protective body covering – skin or hair or fur or scales

12. Processes of kingdom Animalia • 4. Nutritional(food) Requirements(I need it) – they are heterotrophic – they have to eat • 5. Respiration – they have to breathe • 6. Circulation – they need to be able to move things through the body – usually uses blood

13. Processes of kingdom Animalia • 7.Excretion – getting rid of wastes(trash) – (usually living things) • Sweat, pee, poop etc. • 8.Response (반응) – all animals and people interact with their environment • They react when something happens • 9.reproduction – making babies – all animals and people will do sexual reproduction(boy + girl = baby) • Some animals will do asexual reproduction

14. Anatomy of Animals • Anatomy – body parts • Most animals and people have symmetry • Symmetry – both halves are the same • Bilateral symmetry – Right and Left side are the same • 95% of animals have bilateral symmetry • Radial symmetry – there is no left or right side, it is like a circle; only the top and bottom are different • Spherical symmetry – it is the same in all part like a ball

15. Anatomy of Animals • Asymmetrical – the parts are not the same –very rare • Coral reefs, sponges

16. There are 2 main kinds of Animals (Sub-kingdoms) Kingdom Animalia and Phylum • 1. Invertebrates – they have no backbone • Spiders, crubs, butter fly, sea anenomie, insects • 2. Vertebrates – they have a backbone • People, fish, cats, dogs, rats. horses etc. • 5% of all animals are vertebrates • Most animals are invertebrates – 95%

17. Phylum Porifera • Phylum porifera – Kingdom Animalia sub-kingdom Invertebrates Animalia Invertebrates Vertebrates Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes

18. Phylum Porifera • Phylum Porifera – the sponges • They live in the ocean • They don’t move much • They pull water into their pores (holes in the outside of the sponge) to eat the bacteria in the water then they push the clean water out • Their job is to clean the water

19. Phylum Porifera • Parts of the sponge(animal) • Incurrent pores – holes that pull water in • Excurrent pores – holes that push water out • Epidermis – protective layer of the sponge – “sponge skin” • Mesenchyume – layer under the epidermis where everything happens

20. Phylum Porifera • Amoebocytes – small cells that move with a flagellum to move food around the sponge • Spicules – hold up the sponge and give it shape • Collar cells – help the sponge move the water

21. Phylum Porifera • Reproduction in sponges • Sponges reproduce asexually. A bud is formed that breaks off, float away, and grows into a new sponge.

22. Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Cnidaria – coral, anemonie, jellyfish, hydra • Live in ocean water • Invertebrate (no backbone) • 2 kinds • 1. polyp • cup shape U (sea anemonie) • Stay in one place • 2. medusa • Bell shape • Swims freely • Jelly fish

23. 3. Classes • 1.class hydrozoa • Hydras (rocks with tentacles that eat fish) • Polyp shaped • Cnidoblasts – arms that grab food • Nematocysts – stinging chemicals that grow on cnidoldasts and kill the hydra’s food (chemical thrown at fish) • Hydra reproduce sexually and asexually • They reproduce asexually by budding • They also reproduce sexually during winter. • One hydra makes and release eggs(female). • These eggs are met by sperm from a diffect hydra and become a new hydra

24. 2.Class Scyphozoa • class Scyphozoa – Jellyfish • medusa shape • swim all around • reproduce sexually - 1 jellyfish makes sperm that swim into another jellyfish and make babies called planula • planula grow into Aurelia(teenage jelly fish), which break apart into adult jellyfish

25. 3. Class Anthozoa • Class Anthozoa – corals and sea anemones • Stationary • Polyp shape • Under water flower garben • Corals – rocks that are colorfil • Sea Anemones – Nemo’s house

26. Worms • Worms get 3 Phylums • Ally worms have bilateral symmetry and all their sense organs are in their head • Cephalization – sense (all the) organs are in the head • 1. Phylum Platyhelminthes – the flatworms • All flatworms are long, thin, and flat • Class turbellaria – free – living flatworms (planarians) • You need 2 planarians to reproduce • Live in water and swim • They are hermaphradites – boy + girl in the same body • Reproduce secually – turbellaria regenerate – if you cut off part of a flatworm, that part will grow again

27. Worms • Flatworm reproduction • Flatworms are hermaphrodites ( boy and girl in one body) • Sexual reproduction with only 1 flatworm acting as a male mating (sex) with another flatworm acting like a girl • Many flatworms are parasites(parasitic) – they hurt other animals and people (makes people sick)

28. Class Trematoda • Class Trematoda – the flukes(flukes are from sheep) • Flukes are small, flatworms that live in the grass – they are eaten by sheep – flukes liven in the sheep – sheep are eaten by people, and the flukes make people sick

29. Class Cestoda • Class Cestoda – tapeworms (tapeworms are from pigs) • tapeworms live in the intestines of pigs • humans eat sausage or other pig meat theat is not cooked well and get sick from tapeworms • You must take medicine to get rid of tapeworms

30. Phylum Nematoda • Phylum Nematoda – the roundworms(round worms kill you) • This is Ascaris (roundworms) • It is long and round (like a circle) • Ascaris lives in your intestines and the intestines of animals and eats bacteria • They make you sick and you need medicine to get rid of them

31. Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms (Ascaris) move sideways not front to back they reproduce sexually but are not hermaphrodites

32. Phylum Annelida • Phylum Annelida – segmented worms • These are your earthworms • Earthworms are the most advanced worms • Earthworms are decomposer organisms (eat dead things) • They have a closed circulatory system – their blood stays inside tubes called “vessels” just like humans • they have nerves called Ganglia and they can think • They reproduce sexually (boy + girl = baby) • They are not hermaphradites(male + female body parts in the same body) • Annelida earthworm • 1. can think • 2. ganglia(nerves) • 3. closed circulatary system