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The Medes and the Persians

The Medes and the Persians. Indo-Europeans migrated in around 900 b.c. The Medes and the Persians. Indo-Europeans migrated in around 900 b.c. Settled in mountainous Zagros Range. Assyrian annals make frequent reference to Medes from about 850 b.c.

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The Medes and the Persians

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  1. The Medes and the Persians Indo-Europeans migrated in around 900 b.c.

  2. The Medes and the Persians Indo-Europeans migrated in around 900 b.c. Settled in mountainous Zagros Range Assyrian annals make frequent reference to Medes from about 850 b.c. History is obscure – most comes from Herodotus

  3. The Medes and the Persians Deioces (c. 728 – 675) United loose tribal groups under his rule at Ecbatana Media Esarhaddon (681 – 669) sent in frequent raiding parties This consolidated Median loyalty to a central leader

  4. The Medes and the Persians Deioces (c. 728 – 675) Phraortes (675 – 653) Son of Deioces

  5. The Medes and the Persians Deioces (c. 728 – 675) Phraortes (675 – 653) Son of Deioces Ashurbanipal (669 – 627) continued the policy of attacks

  6. The Medes and the Persians Deioces (c. 728 – 675) Phraortes (675 – 653) Son of Deioces Ashurbanipal (669 – 627) continued the policy of attacks Phraortes struck back in Ashurbanipal’s “very bad year” (653) – but died in battle leaving son Cyaxeres to rule

  7. The Medes and the Persians Deioces (c. 728 – 675) Phraortes (675 – 653) Cyaxeres (653 – 585) Tied up in “Scythian Interregnum” (653 – 625) Cyaxeres recovered throne in 625 – as Nabopolassar claimed Babylon and Saracus scrambled in civil war

  8. The Medes and the Persians Cyaxeres (653 – 585) Rebuilt Median power (626 – 616) 615 – Arrapakha fell to Cyaxeres 614 – Ashur fell to Cyaxeres – treaty with Nabopolassar 612 – Fall of Nineveh to Medes and Babylonians

  9. The Medes and the Persians Cyaxeres (653 – 585) Rebuilt Median power (626 – 616) 615 – Arrapakha fell to Cyaxeres 614 – Ashur fell to Cyaxeres – treaty with Nabopolassar 612 – Fall of Nineveh to Medes and Babylonians 612 – 585: Cyaxeres campaigned through Anatolia

  10. The Medes and the Persians Cyaxeres (653 – 585) Rebuilt Median power (626 – 616) 615 – Arrapakha fell to Cyaxeres 614 – Ashur fell to Cyaxeres – treaty with Nabopolassar 612 – Fall of Nineveh to Medes and Babylonians 612 – 585: Cyaxeres campaigned through Anatolia 585 – Career ended at the Battle of the Eclipse with Lydians

  11. The Medes and the Persians Astyages (585 – 550) 583: Grandson Cyrus born to Mandane and Cambyses (Persia) Media Babylon Persia 559: Cyrus became ruler of Anshan – in Persia 556: Nabonidus became ruler of Babylon – wanted Haran 551: Cyrus defeated Astyages and united Medes and Persians

  12. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) Mentioned prominently in OT (Isa. 44,45; Ezr. 1) The only non-Jew ever called “messiah” in the Old Testament Authorized the return of Jewish captives to Jerusalem from Babylon Created the largest empire the world had seen to that time Statue of Cyrus the Great at Olympic Park in Sydney Was also the most humane ruler the ancients had ever seen

  13. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran Croesus Cyrus 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia

  14. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran Cyrus 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia

  15. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 546-540: Campaigns in the East

  16. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 546-540: Campaigns in the East 539: Attack on Babylon Nabonidus escaped to the south and Belshazzar was killed (Dan. 5) Cyrus gave Babylon to Gobryas (Darius) the Mede (Dan. 5:31)

  17. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 546-540: Campaigns in the East 539: Attack on Babylon 538: Cyrus authorizes the return of the Jews to Jerusalem (Ezr. 1) Impressed by reading Isaiah (Josephus)

  18. The Return of God’s People to Jerusalem 538: Cyrus authorizes the return of the Jews to Jerusalem (Ezr. 1) The “Cyrus Cylinder” proclaiming the restoration of temples in conquered lands

  19. Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) Cyrus the Great (551 – 530) 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 550: Helped Nabonidus retake Haran 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 549-547: Lydian campaign and fall of Sardis of Lydia 546-540: Campaigns in the East 539: Attack on Babylon 538: Cyrus authorizes the return of the Jews to Jerusalem (Ezr. 1) Impressed by reading Isaiah (Josephus) Daniel and the Lion’s Den (Dan. 6) and the 70 Weeks (Dan. 9)

  20. The Return of God’s People to Jerusalem 538: Cyrus authorizes the return of the Jews to Jerusalem (Ezr. 1) 536: The first Jewish exiles arrive in Jerusalem Second Temple reconstruction under way Babylon Jerusalem 535: Local opposition causes building project to stall – supported by Cambyses, son of Cyrus (Dan. 10, 11)

  21. The Return of God’s People to Jerusalem 538: Cyrus authorizes the return of the Jews to Jerusalem (Ezr. 1) 536: The first Jewish exiles arrive in Jerusalem Second Temple reconstruction under way 535: Local opposition causes building project to stall – supported by Cambyses, son of Cyrus (Dan. 10, 11) 530: Cyrus died in a battle the East – succeeded by Cambyses

  22. Tomb of Cyrus the Great, in Pasargadae, Iran

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