Understanding Assumptions in Writing

1. Warm Up • Go to your VOCAB tab of your composition book. Date it, 19 September 2016, wherever you left off, and be sure to write ONLY on the right page. • Write the word ASSUMPTION, then provide an example in your own words. If you don’t know what that means, write about a time when you or someone you know believed something without any proof.

2. Composition Book • Go to your Analyses Page – • Put today’s date 19 September 2016, then write the following header in the center of the next line • Assertion, Supporting Evidence and Factual Claims Go to the next blank page and title it the same.

3. Question... • What if I said that Instagram is becoming more popular than Twitter? • Would you believe me? • Why or why not?

4. Assertion • I didn’t give you any proof…. My statement would be considered an assertion (or assumption). This isa statement believed to be true without proof.

5. What if I proved it?... Supporting Evidence • Here’s an example of supporting evidence: “Currently, Instagram has 200 million monthly active users, putting it within catching distance of Twitter's 255 million users. Twitter CEO Mr. Costolo has long believed that Twitter will reach every person on the planet. But user growth at Twitter has mostly stalled, and without major changes, that goal looks like a pipe dream. Instagram, however, is currently doubling its user base every year.” -Business Insider News-

6. So… Supporting Evidence... Supporting evidence consists offacts, statistics, quotes, or research that supports a person’s point they’re trying to make. Think of it as “where’s the proof?”

7. Assertion + Supporting Evidence=? FACTUAL CLAIM a statement that IS true because there is proof and evidence to support it.

8. Phrases that indicate a factual claim... What kind of phrases might begin a factual claim? Write some down... Hint: Research shows...

9. Article Analysis Practice We will practice finding assertions & factual claims in an article together.

10. Article Analysis Practice • We will read the article “Huge, Freed Pet Pythons” and highlight facts from the article together. • Next, in partners, students will go in the hall and read each claim about the article. • Together, you will identify whether each claim is factual or an assertion. • If it is a factual claim, you must list the supporting evidence that makes it a factual claim. • When everyone is seated (indicating they are done), we will review everyone’s answers.

11. Warm Up 20 September 2016 Under the PINK vocab tab, write today’s date, then identify the following as either a factual claim, or an assertion by writing the question number then respond. Ask yourself, does it give supporting evidence? If so, it’s a factual claim. • According to recent studies done by Harvard University, sleeping better will help you lose weight. • Avocados are extremely nutritious. • Pork is a very unclean meat to consume. • Research at Princeton has shown that cancer has been linked to 80% of red meats.

12. Composition Books (ISN) On the next available page under the teal “ANALYSES” tab, write the heading “Author’s Organization.” *Why is it important to have organization when writing? What does organization tell us about what we are reading?

13. Author’s Organization Patterns of organization that help clarify ideas. This helps the reader understand content and author’s purpose more clearly.

14. Patterns of Organization • Description • Compare & Contrast • Order & Sequence • Problem & Solution • Cause & Effect **Glue half-sheet “Sharpie” handout into notebook & take notes!** As we review graphic organizers for each pattern, compare to your second handout.

15. Description The author provides details & description of their subject to give the reader a mental image. It is used to describe a certain subject. -For example: A book all about Blue Whales! -Other examples?

16. Compare & Contrast Pattern of organization where similarities and differences of two or more things are explored. Example: An article comparing iPhones and Androids :) Other examples?

17. Compare & Contrast

18. Order & Sequence Order: the author provides readers with a list of steps for a procedure Sequence: the author provides readers with chronological events -Example for sequence: History textbook! -Example for order: Recipes!

19. Order & Sequence Order>>>>>>>>> Sequence>

20. Problem & Solution • This pattern is often seen in persuasive texts. The writer is usually presenting a problem and offering the best solutions. They are typically arguing for a change. • Example title/topic: “Why School Uniforms are Ruining Students’ Individuality.” • More examples?

21. Problem & Solution

22. Cause & Effect • This pattern explains WHY something happened. • It shows the reader what caused something to happen and the effect it brings. Example: why volcanoes erupt? More examples?

23. Cause & Effect

24. Your Turn! • Complete the two remaining handouts in your two-person team. • DUE at the end of the period.

25. Warm Up 21 September 2016 • What pattern is this text written in and why? If you don’t know the name of the pattern, make a guess! Put your response under the teal “analyses” tab, just below where your wrote the date. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a frozen container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is frozen. Depending on the equipment, this may take as long as an hour. After the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it is ready to be enjoyed. Making ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree that it is worth the trouble.

26. Composition Book -ISN Under the teal tab, beginning where you left off yesterday, draw a line, then put today’s date, 21 September 2016, then write the following header: “Author’s Purpose & Tone” on one line

27. Author’s Purpose This is the reason the author wrote the story. There are three main reasons why an author might write something: Persuade- convincing, opinionated, speeches Inform- articles, factual, informational Entertain- fiction, exciting, attention grabbing

28. What does this look like on assessments? On a standardized test, you may see questions ask: -What is the author’s primary purpose for writing this selection? -The reader can conclude that the author most likely wrote this selection in order to… -Based on the title, why do you think the author wrote this selection?

29. It’s tricky... Standardized test don’t always use the terms “persuade,” “inform,” or “entertain” in the answer choices. Often times they will use synonyms for each. Can you think of some synonyms for the three main purposes? P-Persuade I-Inform E-Entertain

30. Tone The tone of a selection is the attitude the writer takes toward the subject! -Tone can be seen in the way an author treats or writes about a character.The author’s tone may be sad and serious or humorous and lighthearted. The tone may be sarcastic or making fun of something or someone. The author’s choice of words affects the tone.

31. Practice... “Tofu is a product that is becoming very popular as a low-calorie, cholesterol-free meat substitute. Formerly it was found exclusively in Oriental markets and health food stores, but today tofu can be purchased in most supermarket produce departments. This white, cheese like substance is made from the condensed milk of soybeans. It is extremely high in protein and low in sodium. Tofu is almost tasteless by itself, but it can be easily mixed into sauces and soups; it can even be made to imitate scrambled eggs. Tofu seems like a really great alternative to meat. I can’t wait to try it out myself!” • What do you think the purpose of this excerpt is? • Based on the word choice, what do you think the author’s tone (or attitude) is? This needs to be an adjective

32. Author’s Purpose ♥ Tone What is the relationship between author’s purpose & tone?

33. Author’s Purpose ♥ Tone An author will use a specific tone to establish his or her purpose for writing something. *If you can analyze and identify the tone of a selection, it will help you understand the purpose even more!*

34. Author’s Purpose ♥ Tone Glue the hand-outs into your ELA notebook. -Author’s Purpose Word List + -Tone Word List

35. Short Practice In partners, you will draw a passage from the jar and identify its purpose & tone together. I will call on a few to share their answers/thoughts.

36. Warm Up 22 September 2016 Read this excerpt from “The Great Gatsby,” then write your response in your composition book, under the analyses tab: “I couldn’t forgive [Tom] or like him, but I saw that what he had done was, to him, entirely justified. It was all very careless and confused. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy – they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made.” • What tone is the narrator using in this excerpt? • What is the author’s purpose of this excerpt?

37. Summary, Main Idea, and Inference A summary of a selection/passage includes the main ideas and events that happened in the story. It doesn’t include any minor details. It always has the beginning, middle, and end of a story.

38. Main Idea The main idea is the point of a paragraph. It can also be described as the topic. It is the central idea.Think about it this way: If I had to come up with a title for this paragraph, what would it be? STAAR Question Examples

39. Try this...Identify the main idea with a partner... There are eight planets in the Solar System, and each one is very different. Some planets, like Jupiter and Saturn are very large. Others, like Mercury and Mars are smaller. Jupiter has moons that are larger than Mercury. The planets also have different atmospheres. Uranus, Jupiter and Saturn have atmospheres of hydrogen and helium. The atmosphere on Venus is made up of carbon dioxide. Earth has a nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere. Neptune’s atmosphere is mostly hydrogen. The planets also have different temperatures. Uranus is the coldest and Venus is the hottest.

40. Making Inferences -Take what you know and make a guess! -Draw personal meaning from text (words) or pictures. -You use clues to come to your own conclusion.

41. Practice… Make an inference What does this picture tell me?

42. Make another inference...

43. Authors vs. Readers • Under the pink vocab tab, write the definitions for imply and infer. • Remember when reading... • Authors Imply, Readers Infer. • Good readers are investigators always looking for clues!! • Token handout….

44. Directions On your own, re-read your assigned passage from the last two days. Identify the main idea, write a short summary, and make an inference about your passage in your composition book.

45. Warm Up 23 September 2016 Name that text pattern! Read the passage, then respond under the teal “analyses” tab in your composition book. Many people think that they can get sick by going into cold weather improperly dressed; however, illnesses are not caused by temperature- they are caused by germs. So while shivering outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune system, you’re more likely to contract an illness indoors because you will have a greater exposure to germs. • What is the text pattern? 2. How do you know? (You MUST provide an example from the text).