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Foundations of Individual Behavior

Foundations of Individual Behavior. Biographical Characteristics. Age. Gender. Tenure. Marital Status. Intellectual Abilities. Number aptitude Verbal comprehension Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Spatial visualization Memory ability.

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Foundations of Individual Behavior

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  1. Foundations of Individual Behavior Chapter 2

  2. BiographicalCharacteristics Age Gender Tenure Marital Status Chapter 2

  3. Intellectual Abilities • Number aptitude • Verbal comprehension • Perceptual speed • Inductive reasoning • Deductive reasoning • Spatial visualization • Memory ability Chapter 2

  4. Basic Physical Abilities Strength Factors Other Factors Flexibility Factors Chapter 2

  5. The Ability-Job Fit • Abilities of the employee • Requirements of the job Chapter 2

  6. What Is Learning? Social Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Chapter 2

  7. Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Punishment Extinction Methods of Shaping Behavior Chapter 2

  8. Schedules of Reinforcement Interval Ratio Fixed- Interval Fixed- Ratio High Variable- Ratio Variable- Interval Low Chapter 2

  9. Values, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction Chapter 3

  10. The Importance of Values Judgment Content Stability Intensity Chapter 3

  11. Types of Values Terminal Values Instrumental Values Chapter 3

  12. Unique Values of Today’s Workforce Career Stage Entered the Workforce Approximate Current Age Dominant Work Values Hard working; loyal to firm; conservative Nonconforming; seeks autonomy; loyal to self Ambitious, hard worker; loyal to career Flexible, values leisure; loyal to relationships 60 to 75 45 to 60 35 to 45 Under 35 1. Protestant 2. Existential 3. Pragmatic 4. Generation X Mid-1940s to Late 1950s 1960s to Mid-1970s Mid-1970s to Mid-1980s Mid-1980s through 1990s Chapter 3

  13. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions • Power distance • Uncertainty avoidance • Individualism or Collectivism • Quantity or Quality of Life • Long-term or Short-term Chapter 3

  14. Selected Countries on theUncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity Scales • Uncertainty Avoidance Index Status Quo Risk-taking Fem SWE YUG FRAN SPN SING Masculinity Index GRE HK GER So AMER SO AMER USA GB Masc JAPAN Chapter 3

  15. Selected Countries on theUncertainty Avoidance & Power Distance Scales • Uncertainty Avoidance Index High - Status Quo Risk-taking -Low Low SWE GER GB USA Power Distance Index JAPAN SPN GRE FRAN SO AMER YUG HK SING IND PHIL High Chapter 3

  16. What Are Attitudes? • Cognitive component • Affective component • Behavioral component Chapter 3

  17. Types of Attitudes • Job satisfaction • Job involvement • Organizational commitment Chapter 3

  18. Importance of the Elements Cognitive Dissonance Degree of Personal Influence Rewards Involved Chapter 3

  19. Attitude-Behavior Relationship Moderating Variables Behavioral Influence • Importance • Specificity • Accessibility • Social pressures • Direct experience High Low Chapter 3

  20. Behavior-Attitude Relationship After the Fact Casual Statements Plausible Answers Self-Perception Theory Chapter 3

  21. Measuring JobSatisfaction Single Global Rating Summing up Job Facets Chapter 3

  22. Productivity Absenteeism Turnover Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance Chapter 3

  23. Responses to Job Dissatisfaction Active Exit Voice Destructive Constructive Neglect Loyalty Passive Chapter 3

  24. Perceptions of Fairness Outcomes Treatment Procedures Job Satisfaction and OCB Chapter 3

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