foundations of individual behavior

1. Foundations of Individual Behavior

3. So, lets look at the task and try to decide what kind of person we need to successfully accomplish it. – A task/ability fit.

4. Lets start with ability Physical ability Intellectual or mental ability Companies measure both and use the results to help with the hiring decisions

5. Physical Abilities

6. Nine Physical Abilities

7. Next, comes intellectual, or mental ability

8. Intellect, and Intelligence

9. Cognitive Intelligence Intelligence tests are supposed to measure Abstract reasoning Practical reasoning Declarative knowledge Context free Episodic- autobiographical Procedural knowledge Rules, skills, strategies to manipulate declarative knowledge

10. Dimensions of Intellectual Ability

11. Social Intelligence How well we get along with each other. Dimensions central to the concept of Social Intelligence Understands people’s thoughts, feelings and intentions well Is good at dealing with people Has extensive knowledge of rules and norms in human relations Is good at taking the perspective of other people Adapts well in social situations Is warm and caring Is open to new experiences, ideas and values (Kosmitzki and John, 1993)

12. Social Intelligence Social Competence depends on Extraversion Warmth Social influence Social insight Social openness Social appropriateness Social maladjustment (Schneider, Ackerman and Kanfer, 1996)

13. Emotional Intellegence Definitions Affect Generic term covers a broad range of feelings people experience Emotions Intense feelings directed at someone or something Moods Feelings that tend to be less intense and lack context.

14. Emotional Intelligence Jennifer George Feelings (moods and emotions) play an important role in the leadership process Moods and emotions affect the way people think, their motivations, decisions made and behaviors engaged in. Emotional Intelligence The ability to manage moods and emotions in self and others.

15. Cultural Intelligence The ability to function in a cultural environment that is different than your own. The ability to recognize cultures different than your own and adjust your behavior

16. Biographical Characteristics Measuring the impact of intelligence or physical ability on productivity, absence, turnover and satisfaction is often complicated Other factors are easily definable and readily available from historical data Age, gender, job tenure.

17. Learning

18. Companies look for employees that have the capabilities to do the job the company needs done….

19. What is missing has to be learned

20. Behaviorism All complex behavior is learned A theory about human behavior (explain and predict) must address how humans learn Definition Permanent changes in behavior as a result of experiences Learning is inferred – we see the result-change-and infer that learning has taken place

21. The learning process Conditioning is the universal learning process according to this theory of learning Two different types of conditioning yield different behavior pattern Classical conditioning –Pavlov’s dogs and The Manchurian Candidate Operant conditioning – Reward and punishment to train animals and people to perform. A feedback system

22. Criticisms of Behavioral Learning Theory Doesn’t account for all types of learning. Disregards activities of the mind. Only explains the results of learning, not the learning itself.

23. Impact of behaviorism on learning Simple to understand Relies on observable behavior Reinforces good behavior and punishes bad behavior Teacher/student relationships Human disorders and antisocial behavior

24. Other theories of learning

25. Learning Styles Theory DefinitionThis approach to learning emphasizes the fact that individuals perceive and process information in very different ways. The learning styles theory implies that how much individuals learn has to do with whether the educational experience is geared toward their particular style of learning

26. Learning Styles Theory Different individuals have a tendency to both perceive and process information differently. Because of different heredity, upbringing, and current environmental demands Perceive information Concrete – doing, acting, sensing, feeling Abstract – analysis, observation, thinking Process information-make sense of information Active processor- do something with the information now Reflective processor – reflect on and think about information

27. Traditional schooling tends to favor abstract perceiving and reflective processing. Other kinds of learning aren't rewarded and reflected in curriculum, instruction, and assessment nearly as much

28. Constructivism DefinitionConstructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Each of us generates our own "rules" and "mental models," which we use to make sense of our experiences. Learning, therefore, is simply the process of adjusting our mental models to accommodate new experiences.

29. Discussion Learning is a search for meaning. Meaning requires understanding wholes as well as parts. And parts must be understood in the context of wholes. Therefore, the learning process focuses on primary concepts, not isolated facts. In order to teach well, we must understand the mental models that students use to perceive the world and the assumptions they make to support those models. The purpose of learning is for an individual to construct his or her own meaning, not just memorize the "right" answers and regurgitate someone else's meaning.

30. For more information http://www.funderstanding.com/about_learning.cfm