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4/29/03 ASA Nashville, Session 2pAAb Relationships of Synthesis and Processing to “Acoustical” music. Inside-in: alternative paradigms for sound spatialization. Curtis Bahn, Stephan Moore Integrated Electronic Arts at Rensselaer (iEAR) Studios Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Inside-in:
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4/29/03 ASA Nashville, Session 2pAAb Relationships of Synthesis and Processing to “Acoustical” music. Inside-in: alternative paradigms for sound spatialization Curtis Bahn, Stephan Moore Integrated Electronic Arts at Rensselaer (iEAR) Studios Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Inside-in: • Review the use of spherical speaker arrays and sensor-speaker arrays (SenSAs) in performance and installation.
Inside-in: • Review the use of spherical speaker arrays and sensor-speaker arrays (SenSAs) in performance and installation. • Detail our recent development of “third generation” spherical speaker arrays.
Inside-in: • Review the use of spherical speaker arrays and sensor-speaker arrays (SenSAs) in performance and installation. • Detail our recent development of “third generation” spherical speaker arrays. • Present recent work with spherical speaker arrays and SenSAs.
This work builds upon: “Alternative Voices for Electronic Sound” 1st-2nd generation speaker designs and applications. Trueman, Bahn, Cook - ASA 2000 “Physicality and Feedback” Aesthetic and technical considerations in sensor/speaker applications for performance. Bahn, Hahn, Trueman - ASA 2001
Spherical Speaker Arrays and “SenSAs:” Background Conventional Systems: • Forward projecting stereo “PA” style systems.” • Outside-In, multi-channel, “Surround” configurations.
Spherical Speaker Arrays and “SenSAs:” Background Conventional Systems: • Surround the audience in order to provide an “immersive” sonic experience. • Disassociate the acoustic source of sound production and the electronic image creating a “plane of separation” between acoustic and electronic sources, and between electronic sounds and the audience. • Acoustic sources are absorbed into electronic sound-space, usually via subtle addition of artificial reverberation (sound reinforcement).
Spherical Speaker Arrays and “SenSAs:” Background Spherical Systems: • “Inside-Out,” single point source instrument-like sonic radiation. • Engage natural acoustic qualities of performance spaces. Electronic sources are absorbed into the acoustic sound-space. • No ideal listening location or, “sweet spot.”
Spherical Speaker Arrays and “SenSAs:” Background Spherical Systems: • Very successful with small chamber music ensembles and in small spaces. • Often successful with larger ensembles, in large spaces, and in combination with traditional sound-reinforcement systems. • Natural localization and sound segregation of sources. • No “plane-of-separation” between electronic and acoustic sources.
Spherical Speaker Arrays and “SenSAs:” Background Sensor/Speaker Arrays or “SenSAs.” • Integration of sensing technologies, concepts of Human/Computer Interface (HCI) design, and sonic display. • New electronic instruments with acoustical properties enhance the presence and intimacy of electro-acoustic music performance.
Spherical Speaker Arrays • Spherical speakers have long been applied in the study of • The acoustic qualities of performance spaces: • Hidaka and Beranek, 1991
Spherical Speaker Arrays • Spherical speakers have long been applied in the study of • The acoustic qualities of performance spaces: • Hidaka and Beranek, 1991 • The acoustic qualities of instruments: • Causse, et al., 1992 • Roads,1996 • Wessel,1991
The “Nbody Project” Cook and Trueman - 1998 Study of the directional radiative qualities of acoustic instruments Multi-channel microphone array Software interface to manipulate and apply impulse response analyses
Early Spherical Speakers by Cook and Trueman for “Nbody” The Bomb The Boulder
Trueman’s first sphere,“R2” (1998) Provided “presence and intimacy” in electro-acoustic performance and changed the approach to sonic display in our group, “interface.”
the “critter” 12 discreet channels individually enclosed drivers Designed by Dan and Lawrence Trueman (1999)
“Bubba” (Bahn) A 23” 12-channel spherical speaker array based on the “critter” design (2000)
Second Generation Spherical Speakers 24 spherical enclosures fabricated by U.S. Enclosures Inc. (2000-2001)
Second Generation Applications: • Performance Arrays • Sensor/Speaker Arrays • Sound Installations
Bahn 2nd generation set-up “The r!g” (2001)
Trueman 2nd generation set-ups Solo (2001)
Trueman 2nd generation set-ups “Trollstilt” Dan Trueman & Monica Mugan Colgate Chapel 2002 Electro-Acoustic mixed ensembles: Trollstilt, Machine Language
“interface” on stage at OSU Interactive Performance Series 2001
BoSSA (1998-present) Bowed-Sensor-Speaker-Array A sensor/speaker array, SenSA
“Pikapika”a Sensor/ Speaker Performer - Tomie Hahn and Curtis Bahn (2000)
PariSphere 1 Interactive sound installation, Cook (2000)
Multi-channel speaker array for Telephonic Displacements (2001) Interactive sound installation, Moore, Engel, Place
Third Generation Spherical Speakers (2002-2003) • Rensselaer research/development project fabricates • ~60 new speakers with a modified “critter” design. • 2 channel spherical or 1 channel • hemispherical applications. • First experiments with large scale diffusion arrays • of single point source speakers. • Speakers and approach to sound spatialization becoming • more widely used.
Third Generation Spherical Speakers Design and fabrication Jigs created for accurate mass production
Third Generation Spherical Speakers Preparation for painting Sealing the hemispheres
Third Generation Spherical Speakers Installing Polk Audio coaxial drivers.
Initial Tests First configuration:16 channel 4x4 grid
Initial Tests All speakers underwent a rigorous evaluation process…
Spatialization Software • Custom spatialization software developed using Max/MSP/jitter by cycling74. • 4x4 matrix panning based on “equal power curve” and Gaussian functions. • Scalable sound size or “radius.” • Implementation of “Sonic Geometries,” (Oliveros) and randomized movement. • Hooks for external control of sound object placement.
Software Interface high resolution sensor data sensor matrix
Third Generation Applications: • Sound Installations • Large-scale Performance Arrays • Sensor/Speaker Arrays
The Swamp (2002) Stephan Moore
Physical interface to sound spatialization. The Maze (2003) Stephan Moore
Low Ceiling (2003) Stephan Moore
Multi-screen video display • “interface” • Speaker • Installation • 4/23 • 36 channels • 34 enclosures • 186 drivers instrumentalists Speaker Grid Over Audience Quad system under seats and behind screens