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The Jeffersonian Era

The Jeffersonian Era. “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”. Despite Federalist fears, Jefferson showed unexpected moderation . Undid Federalist abuses Alien & Sedition Acts expired New naturalization law, 1802—5 yr. citizenship wait Repealed Whiskey Tax

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The Jeffersonian Era

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  1. The Jeffersonian Era

  2. “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” • Despite Federalist fears, Jefferson showed unexpected moderation. • Undid Federalist abuses • Alien & Sedition Acts expired • New naturalization law, 1802—5 yr. citizenship wait • Repealed Whiskey Tax • At a cost of $1,000,000/yr

  3. Presidential Style • Shy—Did not speak before Congress • Informal—Greeted British Ambassador in his slippers. • Dinner party diplomacy • Silenced Federalists Criticism

  4. Barbary Pirates: Tripolitan War, 1801-05 • Jefferson refused to pay tribute. • Pasha of Tripoli declared war. • U.S. fleet unable to crush pirates. • U.S.S. Philadelphia captured, but crew destroyed ship • Jefferson negotiated lower tribute payment

  5. Louisiana Purchase

  6. Napoleonic wars • Napoleon took Louisiana from Spain • Jefferson sent Robert Livingston & James Monroe to France to purchase New Orleans • Napoleon offered to sell entire territory for $15 million Jefferson’s dilemma: Constitution didn’t give President power to purchase land.

  7. LEWIS & CLARK • 1804-1806 • Explore Purchase • Record fauna • Find route to Pacific Sacajawea acting as guide for Lewis & Clark expedition

  8. 2nd Term • Re-elected by huge margin—only Del. & Conn. did not vote for him • National Road

  9. Marbury Vs. Madison: • Midnight judges of John Adams. • Chief Justice John Marshall • Federalist>strengthen power of federal gov’t • William Marbury sued for his judgeship • Marshall threw out case as unconstitutional • Judicial Review: Power of the Supreme Court to rule on constitutionality of laws

  10. Napoleonic Wars • England & France at war: • Freedom of the Seas Threatened • Impressment: • 1808-1811Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

  11. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair • June 21, 1807. • Br. Captain fired on USS Chesapeake. • 3 dead, 18 wounded. • Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. • Jefferson’s Response: • Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports. • Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

  12. The Embargo Act (1807)The “OGRABME” Turtle

  13. Smuggling rampant • Devastated NE shipyards • Not enforced by state officials • Nullification discussed • Replaced by Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Trade with all except GB and France Results of Embargo Act

  14. Presidential Election of 1808

  15. James Madison Becomes President

  16. Dolly Madison: The President’s Greatest Asset

  17. Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Replaced the Embargo Act. • Remained U. S. policy until 1812. • Unexpected Consequences: • N. Eng. forced to become self-sufficient [old factories reopened]. • Laid groundwork for US industrial power. • Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

  18. British violation of Northwest territory • Maintain fur trading posts in territory. • Support & Arm Tecumseh’s Alliance British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

  19. Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 • General William HenryHarrison governor of Indiana Territory. • Invited Native Indianchiefs to Ft. Wayne, sign away 3 mil. Acres of land to US • Tecumseh organized confederation to fight for homelands. • Tecumseh’s brother Tenskwatawa fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. • Harrison > national hero![1840 election >Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!]

  20. “War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY] • U.S. gain Canada in war with British

  21. Presidential Election of 1812

  22. “Mr. Madison’s War!”

  23. American Problems • US unprepared militarily: • U.S. 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Americans disliked draft > preferred to enlist disorganized state militias. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $. • Revenue from import tariffs declined. • New England against war.

  24. Warof1812

  25. U. S. Invasions of 1812

  26. Campaigns of 1813

  27. British Burn Washington, D.C.

  28. Battle of Fort McHenry,1814 (Baltimore) Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

  29. Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there..

  30. Red Sticks & Creek War

  31. Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814

  32. The Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815

  33. Battle of New Orleans, 1815

  34. Why were we fighting this battle after we had signed the peace treaty? The news of the treaty wouldn’t reach us till the ship carrying the news crossed the Atlantic.

  35. Andrew Jackson became a Hero Because of this victory. The Pirate, Jean LaFitte was pardoned for helping us.

  36. Promoted American Nationalism • Crushed Native American Resistance in East of Miss. R. • Death of Federalist Party • Hartford Convention • Industrial Revolution Began in New England Impact of War of 1812

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