Iago’s Power in Othello

1. Iago’s Power in Othello Rhetorical Analysis: Dissection of rhetorical devices

2. What is Rhetoric? • Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing. And the art of persuasion. • It is important for readers of any text to understand the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of rhetoric in any piece of writing. • Shakespeare is a master of rhetoric and rhetorical elements. • Othello is rich in examples. We will look specifically at the character of Iago. We will consider the following: • What does Iago say? How does he say it? What occasion does he utilize for his ideas/manipulations? Who is Iago’s intended audience? How does his words fit the occasion and audience?

3. Terms to know: • kairos • The opportune occasion for speech • Thus, sensitive to kairos, a speaker or writer takes into account the contingencies of a given place and time, and considers the opportunities within this specific context for words to be effective and appropriate to that moment. • For example, consider the following statement in regards to kairos: • Germany of post-World War I was demoralized and disorganized. Adolph Hitler's rhetoric was successful not only because of his personal charisma and his mastery of delivery, but because he spoke at the right time: the German people wanted a way out of its economic morass and its cultural shame, and Hitler provided them both with his strong, nationalistic oratory. Had Germany been doing better economically, Hitler's words would have bounced harmlessly off the air.

4. Terms to Know • audience • All rhetorically oriented discourse is composed in light of those who will hear or read that discourse. • decorum • A central rhetorical principle requiring one's words and subject matter be aptly fit to each other, to the circumstances and occasion (kairos), the audience, and the speaker.

5. Terms for you to investigate • We are going to head to the library • You will be researching several rhetorical terms, so that you can then analyze the devices that Iago uses to manipulate characters in Othello. • Start with Logos…logical appeals • Go to Silva Rhetoricae…click on logos and topics of invention • Research/define: Testimony, Authorities, Witnesses, Rumors, Oaths, the Supernatural • Research/define: items under Comparison, Relationship, Deliberative, Ceremonial

6. Terms to Know • Pathos • Emotional appeals • Click on figures of pathos • Print off and read through all of the figures of pathos • Ethos • Character/Moral/Ethical Appeals • Click on the two types listed and record their definitions