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Influenza Activity and Virus Characterizations (Northern Hemisphere)

5thMeeting of NICs in the WPR and SEAR 7-10 June, 2011 Laos. Influenza Activity and Virus Characterizations (Northern Hemisphere). Takato Odagiri WHO Collaborating Center for References and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

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Influenza Activity and Virus Characterizations (Northern Hemisphere)

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  1. 5thMeeting of NICs in the WPR and SEAR 7-10 June, 2011 Laos Influenza Activity and Virus Characterizations (Northern Hemisphere) TakatoOdagiri WHO Collaborating Center for References and Researchon Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

  2. Influenza subtypes 2010- 2011: Northern Hemisphere (as of May 23,2011) B H1N1pdm09 H3N2 WHO, FluNet

  3. Former seasonal A(H1N1) 6 viruses (China, Malaysia, Russia, Tunisia, USA) B A(H3) A (not subtyped) A(H1N1)pdm09 Percentage of influenza viruses by subtypes(From 29 August 2010 – 29 January 2011) 21% 27% A(H5N1), 14 viruses - Cambodia (1)： CL 1 - Hong Kong (1)： CL2.3.2 - Egypt (10)： CL 2.2.1 - Indonesia (2)： CL 2.1.2 21% 31% WHO, FluNet

  4. 14% 32% 54% 0% 98% 2%

  5. Antigenic and genetic characterizations • A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses

  6. Antigenic analysis of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses by HI tests Mar –Aug, 2010 EU, Africa N+C America, EU, Asia, Africa, AU, NZ JPN, China, Taiwan, Korea, Mongol, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore China =4-fold low >8-fold low >8-fold low 1% 1% 1% 2% =4-fold low A/Cal-like A/Cal-like A/Cal-like A/Cal-like 99% 95% 100% 99% NIID C-CDC CDC NIMR Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011 >8-fold low >8-fold low 6% =4-fold low 2% 2% =4-fold low >8-fold low 9% 2% A/Cal-like A/Cal-like A/Cal-like A/Cal-like 98% 94% 89% 83%

  7. Antigenic cartography of A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates (Cambridge University) A/California/07/2009 Vast majority of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses remained antigenically homologous to the A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus.

  8. Amino acid substitutions in H1N1pdm-HA protein that result in antigenic change from A/Cal/7/2009 Position 156 N to D Position 157 S to L Position 155 G to E Colin, Derek et al, CambridgeU.

  9. 2010/11 Early phase (2010. Sept to 2011. Jan） 2009/10 late phase (2010, April to July） 外 Majority clade Vaccine strain Vaccine strain

  10. Detection of Antiviral resistant H1N1pdm09 viruses with 275Y substitution 3 1 2 1 5 1 2 6 1 1 7 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 2 2 2 China -CDC NIID 275Y 1.9% (53/2761) 275H/Y 0.3% (8/2761)

  11. Detection of Antiviral resistant H1N1pdm09 viruses with 275Y substitution NIMR US-CDC

  12. Antigenic and genetic characterizations • A(H3N2) viruses

  13. Antigenic analysis of A (H3N2) viruses by HI tests Mar –Aug, 2010 EU, Africa N+C America, EU, Asia, Africa, AU, NZ China JPN, China, Taiwan, Korea, Mongol, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore >8-fold low >8-fold low =4-fold low 5% 9% >8-fold low 17% 29% =4-fold low A/Perth/16-like A/Perth/16-like A/Perth/16-like 42% A/Perth/16-like 53% 91% 83% 71% NIID C-CDC CDC NIMR Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011 >8-fold low 1% >8-fold low =4-fold low =4-fold low 5% 19% 27% Low HA viruses A/Perth/16-like A/Perth/16-like A/Perth/16-like 81% 72% 95%

  14. 2010/11 Early phase (2010. Sept to 2011. Jan） 2009/10 Late phase (2010, April to July） Majority clade JPN viruses Vaccine strain Vaccine strain

  15. Summary of A(H3N2) cartography(Cambridge University) 2010/11 season CDC data A/Brisbane/10/07 A/Vic/208/09cluster 2009/10 season 2008/09 season A/Brisbane/10/07 A/Brisbane/10/07 A/Perth/16/09 NIID data A/Vic/208/09cluster A/Perth/16/09 A/Victoria/208/09 A/Brisbane/10/07 A/Perth/16/09

  16. Antigenic and genetic characterizations • B viruses

  17. Proportion of B/Vic- and B/Yama-lineage viruses in the world Mar -Aug 2010 N+C America, EU, Asia, Africa, AU, NZ EU, Africa, ME Asia, HK AU, NZ, Pacific, SE Asia, E Asia Japan China B/Yama B/Yama B/Yama 4% B/Yama B/Yama 9% 14% 20% 22% B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic 80% 78% 96% 91% 86% NIMR CDC China CDC NIID Melbourne Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011 B/Yama B/Yama B/Yama 2% 16% 17% B/Vic 35% B/Yama B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic B/Vic 65% 98% 100% 83% 84%

  18. Antigenic analysis of B/Vic-lineage viruses by HI tests Mar -Aug 2010 >8-low >8-low >8-low 15% 11% 1% Bris/60-like Bris/60-like >8-low 4-low 39% Bris/60-like Bris/60-like 40% 49% 61% 85% 99% NIID China CDC NIMR CDC Sept, 2010 –Feb, 2011 >8-low >8-low >8-low >8-low 2% 2% 4-low 1% 9% 5% 4-low 40% Bris/60-like Bris/60-like Bris/60-like Bris/60-like 58% 99% 86% 98%

  19. B/Vic-lineage viruses 2010/11 Early phase (2010. Sept to 2011. Jan） 2009/10 Late phase (2010, April to July） Vaccine strain

  20. Antigenic cartography of the antigenic variant against B/Brisbane60/2008 with K165N substitution HI data from NIID B/Brisbane/60 MDCKx/1 B/Brisbane/60 MDCKx/1 B/Brisbane/60 E4/E4 B/Brisbane/60 E4/E4 197N 197S Receptor-binding site Variants with 165N in B/Bris/60 clade N-linked glycan Lack of potential glycosylation site was observed in egg-grown virus

  21. Antigenic cartography of B/Yamagata viruses (Cambridge University)

  22. Vaccine viruses recommended by WHO • 2011/12 (Northern Hem) season: • an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus • an A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus • a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus No change from last season

  23. Increase of Low HA A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Japan

  24. Low HA A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses increased from Jan 2011

  25. OITA/77/2011 FEB Low @ OITA/72/2011 FEB G155E/G @ HOKKAIDO/32/2011 JAN Low HIROSHIMA/45/2011-OR FEB @ KUMAMOTO-C/7/2011 JAN EHIME/4/2011 JAN Korea/664/2010.CDC DEC GIFU-C/31/2011 FEB Low FUKUOKA-C/37/2010 NOV HIROSHIMA/55/2011 FEB Low @ IWATE/1008/2011-OR JAN Low @ SAGAMIHARA/5/2011 JAN Low KAGAWA/1/2011 JAN Low @ SHIZUOKA/37/2011 FEB Low @ Gyeongnam/3110/2010 DEC G155G/E SHIMANE/140/2011 FEB Low NewHampshire/03/2011.CDC FEB SHIGA/43/2011 JAN Low FUKUOKA-C/39/2010 DEC California/23/2010.CDC OCT Connecticut/04/2011.CDC FEB Incheon/2434/2010 NOV WAKAYAMA-C/6/2011 JAN K153Q @ CHIBA/1027/2011 JAN Low @ TOTTORI/8/2011 JAN # K153E HIROSHIMA/50/2010 NOV ISHIKAWA/22183/2011 JAN Low SHIMANE/24/2011-OR JAN HIROSHIMA/49/2011 FEB Low @ AKITA/1/2011-OR JAN Low KITAKYUSYU/1/2011 JAN Low @ SHIZUOKA-C/8/2011 JAN Low KOBE/463/2011-OR JAN HIROSHIMA/22/2011 JAN Low KUMAMOTO/7/2011 JAN G155G/E KAGAWA/2/2011 FEB @ FUKUSHIMA/138/2010 DEC G155G/E AKITA/5/2011 FEB Low @ SHIGA/45/2011 JAN Low YOKOHAMA/29/2011-OR JAN @ NewYork/11/2010.CDC DEC YAMAGATA/752/09 DEC G155E Laos/O066/2010 NOV Washington/08/2011.CDC FEB Montana/06/2011.CDC MAR Nebraska/10/2011.CDC MAR Bangladesh/5513/2011.CDC FEB OKINAWA/40/2011 JAN @ Arkansas/01/2011.CDC JAN Georgia/3/2011.NIMR DEC HIROSHIMA/1/2011 JAN Florida/12/2011.CDC MAR Maryland/07/2011.CDC FEB @ Indiana/05/2011.CDC FEB Colorado/04/2011.CDC MAR HongKong/6931/2010.CDC DEC Wisconsin/11/2011.CDC FEB Michigan/02/2011.CDC FEB Georgia/51/2011.NIMR JAN England/404/2010.NIMR DEC Kentucky/09/2010.CDC NOV # G155E D222G Montana/03/2011.CDC FEB England/151/2010.NIMR NOV DARWIN/178/2010.Aus DEC DARWIN/2/2011.Aus JAN HIROSHIMA/66/2011 FEB @ Kansas/06/2011.CDC FEB Alaska/09/2011.CDC FEB Gyeonggi/2623/2010 NOV G155G/E SHIZUOKA/20/2011-OR JAN Low @ NIIGATA/1563/2010 DEC Texas/08/2011.CDC MAR Maryland/04/2011.CDC FEB @ Maine/03/2011.CDC MAR Georgia/25/2010.CDC DEC NARA/54/2011 FEB @ WAKAYAMA/49/2010 DEC WAKAYAMA-C/53/2010 DEC Christchurch/16/10E.Aus JUL D222N Soria/16/2011.NIMR JAN OSAKA-C/25/2010 DEC SAKAI/47/2010 DEC Taiwan/151/2010 AUG YAMAGATA/203/2011 FEB HIROSHIMA-C/28/2011 JAN YAMAGATA/54/2011 JAN Low Washington/09/2011.CDC MAR Pennsylvania/01/2011.CDC JAN VICTORIA/1204/2010.Aus OCT Mississippi/07/2011.CDC FEB Laos/I969/2010 OCT Shanghai-Zhangning/SWL1700/2010.CNIC DEC Myanmar/JP-S-026/10 JUL OSAKA/60/10 JUL England/195/09.CDC APR Utah/20/09.CDC JUL NARITA/1/09E MAY Mexico/InDRE4487/09 APR California/07/09E X179A.CDC California/07/09E.CDC APR 0.001 December 2010 in Blue January 2011 in Green February 2011 in Orange March 2011 in Pink #: Fatal case @: Oseltamivir resistance Low: Low HA S143G Low HA virus clade A197T Recent majorityclade S185T D97N S203T S162N K146N N31D Vaccine N125D A134T S183P S83T

  26. Acknowledgement Influenza virus surveillance group in Japan Pathogen genomic center, NIID Drs. Motomura, Yokoyama and Sato Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, NIID Drs Yamashita, Yasui and Okabe National Influenza Centers WHOCollaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza US CDC, Atlanta (N. Cox, A. Klimov) NIMR, London (J. McCauley, R. Daniels) VIDRL, Melbourne (A. Kelso, I. Barr) China CDC, Beijing (Y. Shu, D. Wang) Cambridge University (D. Smith, C. Russel)

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